Topic 3 (All)

Question 1

The three domain (3)

Answer 1

1)Archea
2)Bacteria
3)Eukaryote

Question 2

The 5 kingdoms (5)

Answer 2

1)Animals
2)fungi
3)protoctists
4)plants
5)prokaryotes

Question 3

The classification order (7)

Answer 3

1)domain
2)kingdom
3)phylum
4)class
5)order
6)family
7)genus
8)species

Question 4

Why did the 3 domain replaced the 5 kingdom (4)

Answer 4

1)Archea lack peptidoglycan in its cell wall
2)Archea has unbranched membrane lipid
3)Archea has different RNA sequence to bacteria, different start codon
4)Archea and bacteria have ribosomes that are sensitive to different antibiotics.

Question 5

What is the sentence used to memorise classication order?

Answer 5

King Duncan’s pet cat ordered five grape (S)

Question 6

What are the two types of natural selection (2)

Answer 6

1)Stablising
2)Disruptive

Question 7

What is stablising natural selection

Answer 7

Selection of the most common alleles within a gene pool of a population

Question 8

What is disruptive selection

Answer 8

Selection of the extreme (less frequent) alleles within a gene pool of a population

Question 9

What are the two effects affecting size of gene pool (2)

Answer 9

1)Genetic bottleneck
2)Founder effect

Question 10

What is genetic bottleneck

Answer 10

When natural disasters reduce the population which inturn reduces the number of alleles

Question 11

What is founder effect

Answer 11

A small group deviates from its original population which results the number of alleles

Question 12

What are the two types of speciation (2)

Answer 12

1)Allopatric
2)Sympatric

Question 13

What is allopatric speciation

Answer 13

1)The type of speciation due to geographical barrier
2)Population becomes reproductively isolated
3)No gene flow
4)Both deveop genetic diversity

Question 14

What are the processes that give rise to genetic diversity (3)

Answer 14

1)Random mutation (Chromosomal or point mutation)
2)meiosis Independent assortment and crossing over)
3)Reproductiom

Question 15

What are the two types of mutation that occurs in genetics (2)

Answer 15

1)Chromosomal (failure to separate, translocation)
2)Point mutation

Question 16

What are the three types of point mutation (3)

Answer 16

1)Base insertion
2)Base substitution
3)Base deletion

Question 17

Why is it difficult to identify new species

Answer 17

1)Due to genetic diversity
2)Difficult to know whether this potential new species could reproduce with any existing species to produce fertile offsprings

Question 18

What are the methods of validating new species (2)

Answer 18

1)Look into protein structure
2)DNA sequence

Question 19

What are the two ex-situ conservation methods (2)

Answer 19

1)Zoos
2)Seed bank

Question 20

Why are seeds stored instead of plants in seed bank conservation (3)

Answer 20

1)More space efficient
2)Inexpensive
3)Can be stored for longer

Question 21

The process of storing seed (4)

Answer 21

1)Collect seeds from different species and different individuals to ensure genetic diversity
2)Sterile and drying
3)Store in suitable enviorment
4)Carry out germination test to assess viability

Question 22

What are the conditions of seed storage (4)

Answer 22

1)Dark
2)dry
3)Low in O2
4)Low in temperature

Question 23

What is the purpose of Zoo (4)

Answer 23

1)Scientific research
2)Education
3)Captive breeding
4)In-situ

Question 24

What is in-situ as a conservation method

Answer 24

Re-introduce animals to the wild