Topic 2 (cell structure)

Question 1

The components of an animal cell (8)

Answer 1

1)Mitochondria
2)Rough endoplasmic reticulum
3)nucleus
4)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
5)Golgi apparatus
6)Centrioles
7)Cell membrane
8)Cytoplasm

Question 2

The structure of mitochondria (4)

Answer 2

1)Double membrane
2)Inner membrane folds into cristae
3)Membrane encloses matrix
4)Contains 70s ribosome

Question 3

The structure of RER (2)

Answer 3

1)Contains cristernae (flatterened sacs)
2)Has ribosome

Question 4

The structure of nucleus (2)

Answer 4

1)Nuclear membrane
2)Nucleolus

Question 5

The type of nuclear membrane

Answer 5

Double membrane

Question 6

The function of nucleolus

Answer 6

production of rRNA

Question 7

The structure of SER

Answer 7

Membranes folds into Cristernae

Question 8

Function of SER

Answer 8

Steriods and lipid synthesis

Question 9

The structure of golgi apparatus (3)

Answer 9

1)Cisternae (curved, flatterned sacs)
2)Associated vesicles
3)Double membrane

Question 10

Property of vesicles

Answer 10

Contain digestive enzymes

Question 11

The structure of centrioles 92)

Answer 11

1)Cylindrical
2)Made up of microtubules

Question 12

Structure of plasma membrane (4)

Answer 12

1)Phospholipid bilayer (heads facing outward and tails facing inward)
2)Membrane protein
3)Glycoprotein
4)Cholesterol

Question 13

What type of lipid is a phospholipid molecule

Answer 13

Triglyceride

Question 14

The structure of one phospholipid molecule (3)

Answer 14

1)Glycerol
2)phosphate
3)2 fatty acids

Question 15

Why is the plasma membrane known as fluid mosaic model? (2)

Answer 15

1)Fluid: Phospholipid move about by diffusion within their monolayer
2)Mosaic: Not all membrane proteins are fixed

Question 16

What are the two types of bulk movements (2)

Answer 16

1)Exocytosis
2)Endocytosis

Question 17

The type of molecules that pass directly across the phospholipid bilayer (2)

Answer 17

1)Hydrophobic substances
2)Small hydrophilic substances

Question 18

The type of molecules that pass through the plasma membrane via channel protein via facilliated diffusion

Answer 18

Polar substances

Question 19

The type of molecules that pass through the carrier protein via active transport using energy from respiration

Answer 19

Ions

Question 20

Definition of hypotonic solution (2)

Answer 20

1)Higher water potential inside
2)Lower solute potential inside

Question 21

Definition of hypertonic solution (2)

Answer 21

1)Higher water potential outside
2)Lower water potential outside

Question 22

Definition of isotonic solution (2)

Answer 22

1)Same water potential
2)Same solute potential

Question 23

Factors affecting membrane fluidity (3)

Answer 23

1)The type of fatty acid tails
2)Cholesterol
3)Temperature

Question 24

The two types of fatty acid tails (2)

Answer 24

1)Saturated
2)Unsaturated

Question 25

How does the type of fatty acid tails affect membrane fluidity (2)

Answer 25

1)Unsaturated tails have more chinks due to double bond
2)More permeable

Question 26

The structure of cholesterol (2)

Answer 26

1)A hydrophilic part
2)A hydrophobic part

Question 27

How does cholesterol affect membrane fluidity (2)

Answer 27

1)High temperature: Hold on to fatty acid tails thus immobolise them which decreases fluidity
2)Low temperature: Creates gap which increases fluidity

Question 28

How does temperature affect membrane fluidity

Answer 28

1)High temperature: Proteins and phospholipid vibrates which creates gap and increase fluidity
2)Low temperature: Proteins and phospholipid closely packed, less gap and decreases fluidity

Question 29

The component of plant cell (11)

Answer 29

1)Mitochondria
2)RER
3)Nucleus
4)Golgi apparatus
5)Plasma membrane
6)Cell membrane
7)SER
8)Cell wall
9)Vacoule
10)Tonoplast
11)Cytoplasm

Question 30

The structure of choloroplast (4)

Answer 30

1)Encloses stroma
2)Double membrane
3)Grana (stacks of thylakoid membrane)
4)70s ribosome

Question 31

The structure of cell wall (3)

Answer 31

1)Made up of microbills held
2)Held by hydrogen bond
3)Each microbills made up of cellulose

Question 32

What holds adjacent cell wall

Answer 32

Middle lamellae

Question 33

What is middle lamellae made of (2)

Answer 33

1)Magnesium (requires mg ions)
2)Calcium pectate (requires calcium ions)

Question 34

Why is the cell wall fully permeable

Answer 34

Contains plasmodesmata (cytoplasmic gaps within the cell wall)

Question 35

What is the function of tonoplast

Answer 35

The membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the vacoule