Topic 6 Flashcards
what are symbols
marks on a page and works with how we make choices
represent elements of reality
visual variables
who is bertin and his theory with semiotics
semiotics - study of signs - anything that represents something else
how symbols are perceived
what are the two types of semiotics
variables that differentiate
variables that order
what are the 6 basic visual variables
position
size
shape
orientation
pattern
colour
hue, value, saturation
describe nominal
names, labels, categories with no relation between the categoriesdes
describe ordinal
numbers or values that represent rank order
lesser than and greater than
describe interval
additions/subtractions are meaningful, but zero is arbitrary
describe ratio
zero is not arbitrary, and ratios make sense
describe cyclic as a measurement level
wind direction, phenology
what do colour suggest
things or meanings that are easily recognizabe if done correctly
what does size differentiating work good for
points and lines (quantitative differences)
what type of map is good for perspective height
choropleth maps
most important factor for a point (its default)
shape
best symbolization for nominal data
hue, shape
best symbolization for interval/ratio data
size
what are the characteristics a visual variable can possess (5)
selective
associative
quantitative
order
length/resolution
describe selective ability
select between things
describe associative ability
helps see features as a group or separate
describe quantitative
variable that can indicate the values between things
describe order
some values are good at being set in order
describe length/resolution
how many levels of the varirable can you detect (ex. line thickness)
what is saturation
how pure a colour is
amount of grey in the colour
high saturation = little grey
what is the best selective visual variable
colour
characteristics of size
selective - yes
associative - yes
quantitative - no
order - yes
length - yes
theoretically infinite but realistically between 5 and 20
characteristics of shape
selective - meh
associative - meh
quantitative -
order -
length - yes (infinite but realistic ***)
characteristice of orientation
selective - yes
associative - yes
quantitative -
order -
length - yes (infinite but realistic ***)
characteristics of value
selective - yes
associative - yes
quantitative -
order - yes
length - yes
characteristice of colour
selective - yes
associative - yes
quantitative -
order -
length - yes
characteristics of texture
selective - yes
associative - yes
quantitative -
order -
length - yes
patterns and visual representation
artistic component
arrangement matters
texture matters
ex. shrubland, orchard, vineyard
what is the basis for quantitative maps
order
graduate symbols > proportional symbols
T/F?
True!
what are dynamic variables
used for visually impaired
for animated and interactive maps
ex. moving mouse around -> when it gets close to something it makes a sound or trigger
is dynamic variables and sound variables generally better for nominal or ordinal data
ordinal
haptic variables
used by visually impaired
3 kinds
tactile
kinesthetic
visual analog
describe tactile as a haptic variable
ex. vibration, flutter, pressure, temperature
used only with ordinal data
describe kinesthetic as a haptic variable
ex. resistence, friction, location
used only with ordinal data
describe visual analog as a haptic variable
size, elevation, shape, texture, grain, orientation
can be used for both nominal and ordinal data
what is pre attentative processing
visual properties noticed before attention
(pre - attention)
detects faster than the brain can think about what it is you are seeing
characteristics of pre attentative processing
less than 250ms
colour and shape are the primary objects
colour (hue) is probably the best
doesnt matter how many “distractors” there are ti will still work
what are the fundamentals of inattentional and change blindness
seen but ignored
become blind of other stuff
not related to not paying attention!!!
people are not expecting something to be in that context
hard to see something that you arent expecting
what is inattentional blindness
failure to notice things right infront of you
what is change blindness
things that have changed that wasnt being focused on
people dont always see what you may think is obvious
why is text and labelling important
convey hierarchy
show nominal differences (between categories)
text orientation and embellishments
what is sans serif font used for
human made (no extra thingy)
what is serif font used for
natural phenomena
ex. times new romans is the default font for lakes
has the thingy
what are font guidelines for sizing
minimum pt size of 2pt
for visual hierarchy there needs to be a pt size difference of ATLEAST 2pt
what is the importance for interpretation and gestalt
see a holistic grouping
make and interpretation
interpret and group (two aspects of gestalt)
elements of graphic/image interpretation
(8)
shape
size
pattern
tone/hue
texture
shadows
site
association
what are the two aspects of gestalt
grouping
interpretation
essential elements for layouts
contrast
visual hierarchy
figure ground
balance
