Topic 4 Flashcards
Review map cube
Q: what are the 2 primary factors of the map use cube
what is your target audience?
what is the purpose of your map?
what does desgin focus on
the appearence and effectiveness of the communication
graphic design plays a major role
at the base level follows general rules, guidelines and conventions
Kraak and Ormelling - user centred design (4 factors)
- problem definition phase
- development of functional specification
- building phase
- iterative testing or evaluation
Slocums map design process
8 factors
based off Kraak and Ormeling 4 factors
describe intellectual hieararchy and its 5 factors
ranking symbols to their relative importance
1. thematic symbols and type labels
- title, subtitle, legend
- base information, boundaries, roads, place names
- data sources and notes
- scale, frame, neat lines, north arrow
Map aesthetics
intangible ‘beauty’ of the map
clarity
cohesion
sum of design choices
contributes to overall success of graphic communication of the map
5 components of aesthetics
style
form, type, colour, texture
pastiche
emotional impact
taste
explain style in aesthetics
set of style choices
explain form, type, colour, texture in aesthetics
line generalization, typeface, colour choices etc
explain pastiche in aesthetics
imitate another style
ex. pop art
explain emotional impact in aesthetics
choices meant to create emotional response
explain taste in aesthetics
subjective - agree or disagree with message
explain the sandwhich islands map by braise domino
1988 painting depicting historical event
tries to make it look older by using terms and symbology that was present in those times
elements of map design (8)
- frame line/neat line
- mapped area/content area
- inset map
- title and subtitle
- legend
- data source/metadata
- orientation
- scale
describe frame and neat lines
organizational elements
describe layouts
concerned with visual balance
grids - structure of map into which the content is molder
skeletal - fixed structure (template)
interval - allows sections of different sizes
scientists - rigid structure
social scientists - more random (i prefer)
logical flow of information
describe map body
the area of earth represented by the map
should fit the page properly
if it doesnt look good how can i trust it?
describe inset/overview
separate map frame that shows additional geographic information
enlarged areas for more detail
an overview to provide context
critical to large scale maps (zoomed in maps)
describe map title/subtitle
provides a description
depends on context
if standalone, needs a title, if apart of larger context then it might not be required
what is the only thing a map absolutley needs
the mapped area
describe legend characteristics
defines all the thematic symbols
should have the EXACT same size and colour of the symbols it is representing
may require a legend title
describe source/authorship/metadata
defines all the production information
highlights the used projection
like citing in a paper
describe orientation
indicates direction/orientation on a map
does not always need a north arrow
needs a north arrow or a grid system or lat/long values
describe spatial scale
Q: define scale = window of perception
define geographic scale
refers to the extent of the map or the size of object being mapped
ex, a large scale project covers a large area
define cartographic scale
refers to the representative fraction of the map (relatedto resolution or detail)
ex .a large scale map covers a small geographic area
scalle of a map has a profound impact on the level of detail (generalization) on the map
T/F?
TRUE
the scale of a map is NEVER completley accurate across the entire map
T/F?
TRUE
what scale shrinks and grows along with the map as the extent is changed
) representative fraction
) bar scale
bar scale
in GIS bar scale > fraction (1:50)
what does changing scales mean
it means one of the following
change in extent ( precision or grain remains constant)
change in grain ( extent remains constant)
change in both precision/grain and extent
what is cartographic scale ( and 3 aspects)
ratio of map distance to earth distance
scale is determined by
purpose
physical size
required detail
NOTE : level of precision can be very misleading
if it doesnt add anything - get if off
describe data source scale vs presentation scale
data source scale is associated with the entire raw dataset
presentation scale is associated with the data that you choose to show
draw or describe the cartographic scale graphic
use in order
map scale (Large/small)
mapped earth area (small/large)
information (more/less)
symbolization (less/more)
define counter-mapping
practices that set out to question, trouble, or contest dominant power relations in society
define surveillant
an act of top-down related monitoring of acitivity by organizations or those in power
define sousveillant
using technology to mirror, record, and confront those in power from a bottom-up perspective