Topic 6 Flashcards

1
Q

list all the joints in the leg, ankle and foot joint

A
tibiofibula joint 
talocrural joint 
subtalar joint
talocalcaneonavicular joint 
calcaneoboid joint 
tarsometatarsal joint 
metatarsophalangeal joints 
interphalangeal joint
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2
Q

superior tibiofibular joint

A

synovial, multiaxial, plane

small range of glides in each of the major planes.

the synovial superior tibiofibularjoint allows these movements of the talo-crural joint to be
be accommodated

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3
Q

intermediate tibiofibular joint

A

fibrous (syndesmosis)
interosseous membrane
long fibers - very small movement

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4
Q

inferior tibiofibular joint

A

fibrous (syndesmosis)
short fibers - very small movement

anterior and posterior @ tibiofibular ligament –
parallel to one another i.e.
fibres run downward and
laterally to stabilise the joint.

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5
Q

talocrural joint

A

ankle joint

synovial, uniaxial, hinge

the movements that occur at the talocrural joint are dorsiflexion 30 degrees and plantarflexion 50 degrees.
these movements occur along the sagittal plane and around the transverse axis.

articular surfaces are inferior surface of the tibia and inferior medial surface of the fibula (female) as well as the superior surface of the talus (male).

the tibiotalar surface is weightbearing but lateral and medial facets are not.

in dorsi flexion the ankle is more stable.

the joint capsule attaches to the articular margins of the bones involved, more extensive anteriorly where it extends to the neck of the talus. collateral ligaments provide ligaments medial and lateral reinforcements to the capsule.

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6
Q

subtalar joint

A

(underneath talus)
articular surfaces are the inferior side of the talus (facet) and superior surface of the calcaneus (facet).

synovial, plane, multiaxial

eversion and inversion (IPADS).

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7
Q

talocancaneonavicular joint

A

synovial, multiaxial ball and socket joint

plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (sprint ligament).

articular surfaces are the talus, calcaneus and navicular.

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8
Q

cancanocuboid joint

A

synovial, multiaxial, plane

articular surfaces are calcaneus and posterior facet of the cuboid bone.

no female and male surface.

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9
Q

tarsometatarsal joint

A

synovial, multiaxial, plane

plantar flexion and dorsiflexion
some AB and rotation at the first joint

articular surfaces
1st metatarsal with medial cuneiform

2nd metatarsal with intermediate cuneiform, as well as medial and lateral cuneiform.

3rd metatarsal with lateral cuneiform

4th metatarsal with lateral cuneiform and cuboid

5th metatarsal with cuboid.

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10
Q

metatarsophalangeal joints

A

synovial, biaxial, condyloid

movements are flexion and extension and AD and AB

articular surfaces are head of the metatarsal and base of adjacent phalanx.

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11
Q

interphalangeal joints

A

synovial, multiaxial, hinge joints

movements - flexion and extension.

proximal, middle and distal joints.

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12
Q

ligaments of tibiofibular joint

A

anterior and posterior tibiofibular joint are parallel to one another and run downward and laterally.

movements of the ankle result in shifts in position of the fibula which moves upwards and rotates when ankle is in dorsiflexion. the superior tibiofibular joint allows these movements to occur.

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13
Q

ligaments of the talocrural joint

A

medial collateral ligament complex (deltoid)

superficial parts together prevent AB of this joint.

  • tibionavicular
  • tibiocalcaneal

deep parts

  • anterior tibiotalar - limit plantarflexion
  • posterior tibiotalar - limit dorsiflexion

lateral collateral ligament ligament complex
- anterior talofibular - limits plantarflexion and prevents posterior slide of tibia and fibula on talus.

  • posterior talofibular - limits dorsiflexion and prevents anterior slide of the tibia and fibula on the talus.
  • calcaneofibular - limits dorsiflexion and prevents adduction of ankle.
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14
Q

ligaments of the subtalar

A

interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

  • two bands both anterior to the joint run almost vertically in the space between talus and calcaneus.
  • calcaneus parts of the ligament also crosses the joint.
  • helps control eversion and inversion, maintains talus over calcaneus.
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15
Q

ligaments of the talocaneonavicular joint

A

spring ligament

  • makes up socket of ball and socket joint,
  • attaches to sustentaculum tali and medial-posterior side of navicular.
  • maintains arch of foot and acts as a static restraint for medial arch.
birfurcate ligament (medial part only). 
-
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16
Q

ligaments of calcaneocuboid

A

plantar calcaneocuboid ligament (short)
- anterior calcaneal tubercle to the plantar surface of cuboid

long calcaneocuboid ligament

  • sits of other lig.
  • anterior part of calcaneal tuberosity to the base of the 4 lateral metatarsals.
  • also attaches to cuboid slightly.

both ligaments support lateral longitudinal weightbearing of arch.

bifurcate ligament on lateral side maintains dorsal part of foot, limits plantarflexion and inversion.

17
Q

ligaments of the tarsometatarsal joint

A

dorsal tarsometatarsal ligament
- limits plantarflexion

plantar tarsometatarsal ligament
- limits dorsiflexion

cuneometatarsal interosseous ligaments

  • 3 parts
  • stabilize the tarsometatarsal joint complex
  • medial part known as Lis franc ligament.
18
Q

ligaments of metatarsphalangeal joints

A

collateral ligaments

  • limit plantarflexion
  • prevent AB and AD in plantarflexion

plantar ligaments

  • forms part of the articular surface
  • limits dorsiflexion

deep transverse metatarsal ligaments
- keeps metatarsal heads together, particularly important in weightbearing.

19
Q

ligaments of interphalangeal joints

A

collateral ligaments - limit dorsiflexion

plantar ligaments - limit dorsiflexion

20
Q

what bones make up the lateral, medial and transverse arch

A

lateral - calcaneus, talus, cuboid (keystone), metatarsals 4,5.

medial - calcaneus, talus (keystone), navicular, cuneiforms, metatarsals 1,2,3.

transverse - proximal end (metatarsal bases, cuboid, cuneiforms) and distal end (metatarsal heads).

21
Q

what are the functions of the foot

A
weightbearing (balance)
propulsion 
shock absorption 
feet can be used as hands if needed
proprioception
22
Q

what is the functional significance of the movements of eversion and inversion - role in rigid and flexible.

A

the significance of these movements is that they allow the foot to be converted from flexible to rigid. we want it to be be rigid during propulsion and flexible during initial contact.

a flexible foot keeps the foot on the ground even if the surface is not level.

a flexible foot aids change of direction.

23
Q

what are the functions of the foot arches

A

absorb weight forces and shock
efficient weightbearing - weight bearing areas of the foot are the forefoot and hindfoot.
adds to ability to adapt to ground surfaces changes
efficient propulsion - elastic recoil of arch when lifted off.

24
Q

what are the movements at the tibiofibular joints during plantar and dorsi flexion of the ankle

A

moves upward and rotates when
ankle in dorsiflexion – very small
range of movements

plantarflexion - inferior gliding of the fibula at both tibiofibular joints, as well as narrowing the interval between the tibia and fibula at the inferior tibiofibular joint.