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ANAT 101 > Topic 3 > Flashcards

Topic 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

glut max

A

prox attach - gluteal surface to posterior gluteal line, posterior iliac line, posterior sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament.

dist attach - iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity of femur.

actions - extension, ex rotation, AB and AD.

nerve supply - inferior gluteal nerve.

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2
Q

glut med

A

prox - gluteal surface of ilium between posterior and anterior gluteal lines

dist - greater trochanter

actions - AB, internal rotation

nerve supply - superior gluteal nerve

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3
Q

glut min

A

prox - gluteal surface of ilium between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines

dist - greater trochanter

actions - AB internal rotation

nerve supply - superior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

iliopsoas

A

prox - external surface of ilium between iliac crest, posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line.

dist - lesser trochanter

actions - flexion, ex rotation

nerve - lumbar spinal nerve L1-L3 of spinal nerve

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5
Q

psoas major

A

prox - bodies and adjacent transverse process
dist - lesser trochanter

action - flexion, ex rotation

nerve supply - direct branches of anterior rami off lumbar plexus

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6
Q

iliacus

A

prox - upper and posterior two thirds of iliac fossa
dist - lesser trochanter
actions - flexion, ex rotation
nerve supply - branches of femoral nerve L2-L3

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7
Q

tensor fascia latae

A

prox - anterior part of iliac crest and adjacent gluteal surface, anterior superior iliac spine.

dist - lateral condyle of the tibia via iliotibial band

actions - internal rotation, AB

nerve - superior gluteal nerve L5 to S1

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8
Q

piriformis

P

A

prox - anterior aspects of the 2nd to 4th sacral segments, sacrotuberous ligament

dist - medial side of greater trochanter of the femur

actions - ex rotation, AD of femur during flexion

nerve - superior gluteal nerve L5-S1

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9
Q

superior gemellius (pink)

G

A

prox - gluteal surface of ischial spine
dist - medial surface of greater trochanter via tendon of obturator internus

actions - ex rotation, AB
nerve supply - branches of sacral plexus

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10
Q 
obturator internus 
(white)

O

A

prox - internal surface of obturator membrane
dist - medial surface of greater trochanter,

actions - Ex rotation of femur when extended, AB of flexed thigh.

nerve - obturator internus nerve

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11
Q

inferior gemellus
(pink)

G

A

prox - upper part of ischial tuberosity
dist - medial surface of greater trochanter via the tendon of obturator internus.

actions - ex rotation, AB
nerve - branch of sacral plexus

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12
Q

quadrate femoris

Q

A

prox - ischial tuberosity
dist - quadrate tubercle of the femur

actions - ex rotation
nerve - branch of sacral plexus

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13
Q

obturator externus

O

A

prox - outer surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone

dist - trochanteric fossa

actions - ex rotation and AB when femur is flexed.
nerve - obturator nerve L3 to L4

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14
Q

gracilis

A

prox - anterior body of pubis, inferior ramus of the pubis

dist - medial surface of the upper part of the shaft of tibia.

actions - flexion, AD, internal rotation, internal rotation and knee joint flexion
nerve - branch of obturator femoris L2 to L4

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15
Q

pectineus

A

prox - superior ramus of the pubis
dist - pectineal line of femur

actions - flexion, AD, external rotation and internal rotation of knee joint.
nerve - femoral nerve L2-L3

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16
Q

adductor magnus

A

prox - ischiopubic ramus extending to the inferior part of ischial tuberosity

dist - pectineal line of femur

actions - flexion anteriorly, AD, extension

nerve - obturator nerve branch and sciatic nerve portion

17
Q

adductor longus

A

prox - anterior aspect of the body of pubis (between crest and symphasis)

dist - middle two quarters of the medial lip of linea aspera.

action - AD
nerve - obturator nerve branch L2 to L4

18
Q

adductor brevis

A

prox - anterolateral body of the pubis and inferior ramus of pubis

distal - proximal half medial lip of linear aspera

actions - AD, flexion and external rotation.
nerve - obturator nerve branch L2-L4

19
Q

what are the types of skeletal muscle

A

Smooth
Non-striated
Involuntary

Cardiac
Striated
Involuntary

Skeletal
Striated
Voluntary

20
Q

describe the microscopic structure of connective tissue

A

Fiber
Long cylindrical muscle cell
Multi-nucleated

Muscle fibre
Endomysium

Fascicle
Perimysium

Entire muscle
Epimysium

21
Q

describe the sliding filament theory

A

Actin (thin) & myosin (thick) filaments slide over

one another to produce muscle shortening

22
Q

describe the different types of attachments of skeletal muscle

A

Fleshy
 Muscle fibres attach directly to bone with
small amount of connective tissue

Tendon
 Muscle fibres attach to a cord of connective
tissue that then attaches to bone

Raphe
 Muscle fibres attach to a sheet of connective
tissue that then attaches to bone

23
Q

describe the effect of the orientation of muscle fibers on its final contracted length and the force it can exert.

A

Parallel muscles
 Maximum shortening of muscle belly (up to ½ of muscle length)
 Larger range of movement BUT with less force/power

Oblique muscles
 Less shortening of muscle belly
 Less range of movement but MORE force/power

24
Q

describe the structure and function of tendon sheaths

A

An accessory structure
 Similar to bursae at joints
 Which very often are about reducing friction with a muscle tendon

Tendon sheath
 Surround tendons as they pass through tunnels or over other structures
 Contain synovial fluid to reduce friction
 Common at distal ends of limbs
 Allow efficient ‘action’ long distances from muscle belly & prevent tendons pulling
away from skeleton

25
Q

what are the implications of a muscle that crosses two joints.

A

two joint muscles cannot work as one joint muscles
• implications for recruitment
• increased requirement for synergism
• implications for joint range testing

passive insufficiency
• maximum passive length is insufficient
to allow full range of movement at both
joints simultaneously
• active insufficiency
• maximum length change insufficient to
produce full range of movement at both
joints simultaneously
• when assessing – reassessing ROM
and strength wherever two joint
muscles are involved you must
ensure that the joints concerned are
in a standard position

ANAT 101 (12 decks)

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