Topic 4 Flashcards
identify, classify and state the functions of the patella
Sesamoid bone Base, apex, articular facets Centred in intercondylar groove of femur Mechanical advantage for knee extension
describe the joint capsule of the knee
No complete capsule Deficient anteriorly on femur where quadriceps tendon is Deficient anteriorly on tibia where patella ligament attaches to tibial tuberosity Deficient posteriorly where tendon of popliteus emerges (posterior to lateral tibial condyle) Receives much additional ligamentous reinforcement
describe the synovial membrane in the knee joint
Lines the joint capsule Extensive and complex Anteriorly attaches to patella Posteriorly closes off intercondylar fossa Does not enclose the ACL or PCL Communicates with some bursa
what is knee retinacula
Medial & lateral patellar retinaculum Aponeurosis – flat tendon From vastus medialis & vastus lateralis Medial retinaculum blends with periosteum of tibia Medial patellofemoral ligament Adductor tubercle to vastus medialis onto superomedial patella Lateral retinaculum blends with iliotibial tract Some cross-over of fibres to over side
coming off the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis are the lateral and medial patella retinaculum - which are broad sheets connective tissue that sweep over the gap of the joint capsule. they compensate for the gap in the joint capsule.
the medial retinaculum blends with the periosteum of the tibia. We have an extra ligament called the patelloligament which prevents a lateral displacement of the patella.
lateral retinaculum blends with the iliotibial tract.
list the bursae in the knee joint
Pes anserine Suprapatellar Extends 6cm superior to patella! Infrapatellar prepatella
describe the fibular/lateral collateral
Fibular/Lateral collateral
ligament - extracapsular
Attaches:
Lateral femoral epicondyle
Lateral surface head of fibula
Limits:
Extension
Lateral rotation
Adduction or VARUS forces
describe the popliteofibular ligament
Popliteofibular ligament - extracapsular
Attaches:
Popliteus tendon
Apex of head of fibula
Limits:
Lateral rotation of the tibia
describe the patella ligament
Patella ligament - capsular
From patella to tibial tuberosity
Continuation of quadriceps
tendon
Receives the patellar retinacula
Function:
Mechanical advantage in knee
extension
describe the tibial medial collateral ligament
Tibial/Medial collateral ligament - capsular
Attaches: Medial femoral epicondyle Medial tibial condyle Medial tibial shaft Medial meniscus
Limits:
Extension
Medial rotation
Abduction or VALGUS forces
describe the oblique popliteal ligament
Oblique Popliteal - capsular Strengthens central posterior joint capsule Is an expansion of the tendon of semimembranosus Travels superolaterally to femur
describe the arcuate popliteal ligament
Arcuate Popliteal - capsular Strengthens inferolateral posterior joint capsule Is an expansion of the tendon of biceps femoris attachment Travels superomedially over popliteus
describe the anterolateral ligament
Anterolateral ligament - capsular Attaches lateral femoral condyle midway between anterolateral tubercle (Gerdy’s tubercle) & head of fibula Some sources consider it part of the ITB stabiliser for rotation of the tibia?
describe the ACL
ACL - intracapsular Attaches anterior intercondylar area of tibia posteromedial surface of lateral femoral condyle Extra-synovial Limits medial rotation anterior slide of tibia on femur 3 anteriors on this slide
describe the PCL
PCL - capsular Attaches posterior intercondylar area of tibia lateral surface of medial femoral condyle attaches to lateral meniscus Extra-synovial Limits medial rotation posterior slide of tibia on femur 3 posteriors on this slide
describe the posterior meniscofemoral ligament
Posterior meniscofemoral - capsular Connects lateral meniscus to PCL Secondary restraint to support PCL More in functional knee lecture