Topic 5.1 - Evidence for evolution

Question 1

Convergent (analogous)

Answer 1

Different evolution pathway with the same function and same outward appearance - usually occurs due to being in the same environment (whale flippers and fish fins)

Question 2

Homologous (divergent)

Answer 2

Same evolution pathway, different function and different outward appearance - usually occurs due to having similar ancestry (whale flippers and human arms )

Question 3

Fossils

Answer 3

Fossil records are evidence of evolution - as the fossils get closer to the surface from deeper levels, they resemble current species more and more.

Question 4

Selective breeding

Answer 4

This shows that the natural selection of species can occur artificially.

Question 5

Evolution

Answer 5

When heritable characteristics of a species change over time.

Question 6

Species

Answer 6

Organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.

Question 7

Pentadactyl of limbs in mammals, amphibians, birds, and reptiles

Answer 7

Forelimb ->
Proximal bone - Humerus 
Distal bones - Radius/Ulna
Wrist bones - Carpals
Finger bones - Metacarpals/phalanges

Hindlimb ->
Proximal bone -Femur 
Distal bone - Tibia/Fibula
Ankle bones - Tarsals
Toe bones - Metatarsals/phalanges

Question 8

Populations becoming separate species

Answer 8

Populations of a species can gradually diverge into two separate species due to being separated and evolving into their own separate species

Question 9

Industrial melanism

Answer 9

As pollution causes areas to darken, some species may turn dark due to evolution. Most common is the peppered moth.