Topic 2.3 - Carbohydrates and lipids

Question 1

Glucose (α)

Answer 1

CH₂OH
                      C     -    O
                 H /  H            \  H
                 C                   C
             HO \  OH     H  /  OH
                     C     -     C
                      H           OH

Question 2

Glucose (β)

Answer 2

CH₂OH
                      C     -    O
                 H /  H            \  OH
                 C                   C
             HO \  OH     H  /  H
                     C     -     C
                      H           OH

Question 3

Starch - amylose

Answer 3

Made of α glucose bound with condensation reactions.
Not soluble (but is hydrophilic btw) so can be used as an energy store without causing osmotic issues.
Used as a temporary store in leaves when glucose production is higher than it is transported.
The chain is composed of glucose facing the same direction, forming a helix.

Question 4

Starch - amylopectin

Answer 4

Made of α glucose bound with condensation reactions.
Not soluble (but is hydrophilic btw) so can be used as an energy store without causing osmotic issues.
Used as a temporary store in leaves when glucose production is higher than it is transported.
The chain is branched and has a more globular shape

Question 5

Cellulose - microfibril

Answer 5

Made of only β glucose cells
Very high tensile strength
Unbranched chains with hydrogen bonds linking the cellulose molecules
Prevents bursting from lysis

Question 6

Glycogen

Answer 6

Made of α glucose, used as storage for glucose
More branched than starch so is more compact
Made by animals and fungi
Used to prevent osmotic issues
No fixed size and glucose molecules can be removed or added simply
Stored in liver and skeletal muscles