Topic 5: When Plans Change Flashcards
1
Q
DNA
A
- Molecules that store genetic material
- Can reproduce, move from parent to offspring and control all the structures and functions in the cell
2
Q
Who collected DNA From the Cells Nuclei?
A
- Johann Mischer
- He did this in 1868
3
Q
Chromosomes
A
- Strands of DNA
- Found in the cells nucleus
4
Q
Structure of DNA
A
- Shaped like a coiled ladder
- Sides of the ladder are made of alternating submits of sugars and phosphates
- Rungs of the ladder are made of pairs of nitrogen bases
5
Q
Nitrogen Bases
A
There are four nitrogen bases:
- Adenine
- Thymine
- Guanine
- Cytosine
- The nitrogen bases are in pairs of adenine and thymine and guanine and cytosine
- Called A, T, G, and C for short
6
Q
Gene
A
A section of DNA molecule that codes for a specific protein or function
7
Q
Somatic Cells
A
- Any body cell besides gametes
Ex. blood cells, stomach cells - Contains 46 chromosomes
8
Q
Mitosis
A
- Asexual reproduction with somatic cells
- Goes through one cell divisor
- Creates two identical cells with 46 chromosomes
9
Q
Gametes
A
- Sex cells (egg and sperm)
- Cells only have twenty three chromosomes
10
Q
Miosis
A
- Asexual reproduction in gamete cells
- Goes through two cell division
- Produces four cells with 23 chromosomes
11
Q
Zygote
A
- Single celled organism
- Has 23 chromosomes from each parent
12
Q
Biotechnology
A
- Use of biology to develop new products and methods to benefit society
13
Q
Biotechnology in Medicene Example
A
- Moving the human gene for insulin into bacteria. This made the bacteria produce insulin as a waste product. This helps diabetics
14
Q
Genetic Engineering
A
- Branch of biotechnology
- Changing the genetic material of a cell
15
Q
Transgenic
A
- Animals that are produced by adding human genes to the fertilized egg of the animal
- Ability to produce human protein can now be made by the offspring of the transgenic offspring
