Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abi Science 2015 > Topic 5 Particle Model Of Matter > Flashcards

Topic 5 Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are these three states called?

A

They are called the phases of matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a scientific model?

A

A scientific model is an idea that is used to explain how something works.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the properties of a solid?

A

Have a definite shape
Do not flow
Virtually impossible to compress
Expand if heated, but usually much less than liquids or solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do particles in a solid behave?

A

Are strongly bonded together
Vibrate a little, but much less movement than liquids and gases
Vibrate faster when heated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three main states of matter?

A

Solid, liquid and gas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the properties of a liquid?

A

Have no definite shape
Can flow to take the shape of the bottom of a container
Very difficult to compress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the properties of a gas?

A

No fixed shape
Gases spread to completely fill a container
Gases are easily compressed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do the particles in a gas behave?

A

Have no bonds or forces of attraction between them
Have much more energy than particles in a solid or liquid
Fly around, bouncing off each other and the wall of the container that they are in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the particle model of matter?

A

It is the model that we use to show that all matter is made up of particles and to explain the properties and behaviour of matter.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are particles always doing?

A

They are always moving, but they move less when they lose heat energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is between particles?

A

Spaces are between the particles, nothing-not even air-fills these spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are some particles in substances, closer to each other than in other substances?

A

The forces of attraction between the particles are stronger/or weaker depending.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does IMF mean?

A

Inter Molecular Forces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do particles in a liquid behave?

A

Weakly bonded to one another
Break their bonds easily
Vibrate and move faster than those in a solid
Move faster when heated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Make a comparison between the particles of solids, liquids and gases in relation to:

The arrangement of particles

A

In a solid, the particles are close together in an organised, rigid pattern.
In a liquid, the particles are still close together, but are arranged more loosely than in a solid.
In a gas, the particles have no particular arrangement and are far apart.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Make a comparison between the particles of solids, liquids and gases in relation to:

Their movement

A

In a solid, the particles only vibrate in fixed positions.
In a liquid, the particles roll over and slide past each other, they move more freely than those in a solid.
In a gas, the particles move around very quickly and bounce off surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What breaks the forces of attraction between particles?

A

Increased movement due to increased energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Make a comparison between the particles of solids, liquids and gases in relation to:

The IMF

A

In a solid, the particles have very strong forces of attraction between them.
In a liquid, the particles have weaker forces of attraction between them, but the forces are still strong enough to hold them together.
In a gas, the forces of attraction between the particles are almost non-existent.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Why does the temperature of water stay the same once it has reached its boiling point?

A

The heat source transfers its energy to the water. This heat energy increase the temperature of the water until it reaches the boiling point. When the particles have enough heat energy, they evaporate instead of transferring their heat to the other particles. This is why the temperature of the water does not increase beyond a certain point.

In essence, it takes energy to alter temperature, and it also takes energy to change state. If energy is being consumed by the change of state itself, then there is no energy available to change the temperature. So the temperature remains constant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is important to remember when drawing the particle model of matter?

A

Particles are represented as circles

All the particles, whether liquid or solid, must be identical in size and shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How must the particle model of a solid be drawn?

A

The particles must be identical
They must be in a fixed orderly arrangement
They must be touching one another, with very few space between the particles
The vibration of the particles must be represented by vibration lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How must the particle model of a liquid be drawn?

A

They must all be identical
They must be touching
They must fill up from the bottom of the container
They must be in a random arrangement
Arrows must be used to show how the particles roll over one another in random directions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How must the particle model of a gas be drawn?

A

The particles must be identical
The particles must fill the whole space
There must be large spaces between the particles
There must be arrows to show how the particles move in all directions
They must not be touching one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What happens when particles change state?

A

The particles themselves do not change, only their arrangement does.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Diffusion is when particles in a gas or liquid move from a place where there are many particles (a higher concentration) to a place where there are fewer particles (lower concentration).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Where can diffusion take place?

A

It can take place in any substance, but it generally takes place faster in gases and liquids.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What causes matter to change state?

A

Heating or cooling

29
Q

What processes require heating to happen?

A

Melting and evaporation

30
Q

What processes require cooling to happen?

A

Condensation and freezing

31
Q

What is melting?

A

Melting is when a solid changes into a liquid by means of increasing the heat energy of the particles.

32
Q

What is evaporation?

A

Evaporation is when a liquid changes into a gas by means of increasing the heat energy of the particles.

33
Q

What is condensation?

A

Condensation is when a gas changes into a liquid by means of decreasing the heat energy of the particles.

34
Q

What is sublimation?

A

Sublimation is when a solid changes into a gas by means of increasing the heat energy of the particles.

35
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition is when a gas changes into a solid by means of decreasing the heat energy of the particles.

36
Q

What is mass?

A

Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter that an object is made of.

37
Q

What is mass measured in?

A

Mass is measured in kilograms, grams and milligrams.

38
Q

What is volume?

A

Volume is the amount of space an object occupies.

39
Q

What is volume measured in?

A

Volume is measured in centimetres cubed, decimetres cubed, millilitres and litres.

40
Q

What is density?

A

Density is how close together the particles in a substance are. The mass of different-sized objects may be the same, if they have different densities.

41
Q

How do we compare densities?

A

If the mass of one object is more in the same volume as another object.

42
Q

What is freezing?

A

Freezing is when a liquid changes into a solid by means of decreasing the heat energy of the particles.

43
Q

What is density measured in?

A

Grams per cubic centimetres

Grams per millilitre

44
Q

What are the different steps for laying out density calculations?

A

Write the formula
Substitute your known values in the formula
Write your answer rounded off to 2 decimal places
N.B. Remember your units of measurement!

45
Q

Make a comparison between the particles of solids, liquids and gases in relation to:

The spaces between the particles

A

In a solid, the particles are very close together and have very small spaces between them.
In a liquid, the particles are still quite close, but the spaces are larger than in a solid.
In a gas, the particles are far apart and have large spaces between them.

46
Q

What is the equation to work out density?

A

Density is equal to mass over volume.
In the same way, mass is equal to density times volume.
Therefore, volume is equal to mass over density.

48
Q

What is the equation to work out volume?

A

Volume is equal to length times breadth times height.

49
Q

What is the usual order of densities, in reference to the phases of matter?

A

Solids are usually denser than liquids, and liquids are generally denser than gases. There are some exceptions.

50
Q

How do solids float in liquids?

A

If the density of the solid is less than that of the liquid, then the solid will float in that liquid. This theory also works on different liquids, i.e if one liquid is less dense than another, then it will float.

51
Q

What is contraction?

A

Contraction is when the space between particles is reduced by means of decreasing the heat energy of the particles.

52
Q

What is expansion?

A

Expansion is when the spaces between particles is increased by means of increasing the heat energy of the particles.

53
Q

What is shrink fitting?

A

Shrink fitting is when a object, such as a pipe, is too large to fit through a hole at room temperature. The pipe is heated and the material around the hole is heated. The pipe contracts and the hole expands, allowing the pipe to fit through the hole. When they return to room temperature, the pipe will be firmly wedged in the hole. It has been shrink fitted.

54
Q

Why is shrink fitting necessary?

A

In cold countries, the water in pipes can swell, and can burst the pipes. Shrink fitting prevents this from happening.

55
Q

What is gas pressure?

A

Gas pressure is when particles in a gas bump into the walls of whatever container that are in, applying force to it.

56
Q

How can we increase gas pressure?

A

By adding heat to the gas and by reducing the volume of the gas.

57
Q

How does adding heat to the gas increase the pressure?

A

As more heat energy is added, the particles gain more energy and therefore have more collisions, which adds to the pressure.

58
Q

How does reducing the volume of the gas increase the pressure?

A

Particles in a smaller space have less space to move, which will cause them to have more collisions, thereby increasing the gas pressure.

59
Q

Why would a ballon or tyre be flat if they did not have enough pressure?

A

If a tyre is flat, it does not have enough particles inside it to bump against the outside (pressure), so there is no outward force, which is caused by pressure.

60
Q

What are some exceptions to the order of densities?

A

Wood is less dense than water, which is why it floats in water. Solid water (ice) is less dense than liquid water, which is why it also floats on water.

61
Q

What is the equation to work out the percentage of volume of an object that is partially submerged in water?

A

Volume of the block beneath the water over volume of the block multiplied by one hundred.

62
Q

What is expansion?

A

Expansion is when particles are heated up, and they move apart.

63
Q

What is contraction?

A

Contraction is when heat is removed from particles and they move closer together.

64
Q

What is friction?

A

Friction is when particles rub against each other and gain energy. They begin to heat up, and expand.

65
Q

How do you increase the pressure of something?

A

You can increase the temperature
Decrease the volume
Increase the number of particles

66
Q

What is a direct relationship between methods of increasing or decreasing pressure?

A

If you increase something, the pressure will increase as well. If you decrease something, the pressure will also decrease.

67
Q

What is an inverse relationship between methods of increasing pressure, and the pressure?

A

Inverse relationships are when something goes down, the pressure goes up. When something goes up, the pressure goes down.

68
Q

Which of the methods of increasing temperature are direct relationships?

A

Increasing the temperature and increasing the number of particles.

69
Q

Which of the methods of increasing pressure is an inverse relationship?

A

Decreasing the volume increases the pressure.

Abi Science 2015 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions