Topic 5, Part 2 - Homeostasis and Response Flashcards
what do Testes (males only) do
Produce testosterone which controls puberty and sperm productions
what does Thyroid do
produce thyroxine that regulates the rate of metabolism, heart rate, and temperature
what do Adrenal glands do
produces adrenaline for fight or flight response
what does The pancreas do
produces insulin to regulate blood glucose levels
Difference between hormones and nerves
nerves:
very fast action
act for short time
act on the precise area
hormones:
slower action
act for a long time
How to control blood glucose
Blood glucose is controlled by homeostasis
by insulin and glucagon
how do insulin and glucagon control blood glucose levels
foods containing carbohydrates put glucose into the blood
where is excess glucose stored
stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles
what is added when glucose levels are too high and low
too high - insulin added
too low - glucagon added
Why cant people with diabetes type 1 control their blood sugar level
their pancreas produces little or no insulin
if blood sugar level rises it can kill them
get injections throughout the day
Why cant people with diabetes type 2 control their blood sugar level
resistant to their own insulin (still produce insulin)
their blood level rises to a dangerous level
overweight people having a higher chance of type 2
What are puberty and the menstrual cycle
The release of an egg is apart of the menstrual cycle
hormones promote sexually characteristics at puberty
Four stages of the menstrual cycle
stage 1
day 1 - menstruation starts, uterus lining breaks down for 4 days
stage 2
day 4-14 - uterus lining builds up again into a spongy layer
stage 3
day 14 - the egg is developed and released, called ovulation.
stage 4
day 14-28 - the wall is maintained, if no fertilized egg has landed lining breaks down then starts again
What four hormones control the menstrual cycle
FSH - produced in pituitary glands, cause the egg to mature
oestrogen - Produced in ovaries, cause the lining to grow
LH - produced in pituitary glands, the release of an egg
Progesterone - Produced in ovaries, maintains the lining during the second half
