TOPIC 5 (LEC & LAB) - Community Ecology

Question 1

An association of interacting species inhabiting some defined area

Answer 1

COMMUNITY

Question 2

Includes attributes such as the number of species, the relative abundance of species, and the kinds of species comprising a community

Answer 2

COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

Question 3

A combination of the number of species and their relative abundance

Answer 3

SPECIES DIVERSITY

Question 4

Species diversity is defined in the basis of?

Answer 4

Species richness
Species evenness

Question 5

the number of species in the community

Answer 5

Species richness

Question 6

the relative abundance of species in communities; the proportion each species represents of all individuals in the community

Answer 6

Species evenness

Question 7

a mathematical measure of species diversity in a given community

Answer 7

Diversity index

Question 8

it is used to compare diversity of communities based on species richness and relative abundance

Answer 8

Shannon-Wiener index (H’)

Question 9

minimum values of H’ is ____ (value for a community with a single species, a higher value of H’ indicates a more diverse community)

Answer 9

0

Question 10

a measuring tape (sampling tool) stretched along two points; allows to see the effects of abiotic factors on the organism distribution

Answer 10

Transect

Question 11

A sampling tool that may be place randomly in an area or at intervals along a transect line.

Answer 11

Quadrat

Question 12

Surveys for habitats and species, one of its objects is to identify any potential constraints to the development resulting from the presence of important habitats or species

Answer 12

ECOLOGICAL SURVEYS

Question 13

Considerations in planning ecological surveys

Answer 13

Timing of surveys (nearly all species have some seasonality to their life cycle)

Survey validity (fewer survey visits/reduced survey area may not give reliable indication of species presence)

Question 14

Levels of biodiversity

Answer 14

Genetic
Species
Ecosystem

Question 15

A level in biodiversity that refers to variations in the nucleotides, genes, chromosomes, or whole genomes of organism

Answer 15

Genetic diversity

Question 16

A level in biodiversity that refers to the variations within and among population in a species, as well as the difference between and among species

Answer 16

Species diversity

Question 17

A level in biodiversity that refers to the variation in the ecosystems found in a region

Answer 17

Ecosystem diversity

Question 18

A biogeographic region that is both a significant reservoir of biodiversity and is threatened with destruction

Answer 18

BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOT

Question 19

Refers to the feeding relationships between organisms and the community

Answer 19

Trophic structure

Question 20

Organisms found in trophic structure

Answer 20

Autotrophs
Herbivores
Carnivores
Decomposers

Question 21

The transfer of chemical energy from its source through different consumers

Answer 21

FOOD CHAIN

Question 22

The position an organism occupies in a food chain

Answer 22

TROPHIC LEVEL

Question 23

A group of food chains linked together

Answer 23

FOOD WEB

Question 24

It suggests that the length of a food chain is limited by the inefficiency of energy transfer along the chain

Answer 24

Energetic hypothesis

Question 25

A species that has strong effects on its community as a result of its large size, high abundance, or pivotal role in community dynamics

Answer 25

FOUNDATION SPECIES

Question 26

They may be competitively dominant—superior in exploiting key resources such as space, water, nutrients, or light

Answer 26

FOUNDATION SPECIES

Question 27

Species that play roles affecting many other organisms in an ecosystem; their effect on the community is disproportionate to their numerical abundance

Answer 27

KEYSTONE SPECIES

Question 28

The loss of a ________ species can lead to population crashes and extinction of other species in a community that depends on it for certain services.

Answer 28

keystone