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General Ecology > Topic 1 (LEC) - Introduction to Ecology > Flashcards

Topic 1 (LEC) - Introduction to Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Derived from the Greek oikos, meaning
‘home’

A

Ecology

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2
Q

____________ is an ecosystem formed by surrounding a body of water.

A

Aquatic ecosystem

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3
Q

In an environment, there are _______factors and _________ factors.

A

biotic, abiotic

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4
Q

Which of the levels of ecological organization pertains to this question:

“What role does concentration of atmospheric CO2 play in the regulation
of global temperature?”

A

Biosphere

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5
Q

These are are the living aspects of the environment (like the present species, counts of individual organisms, rates of reproduction, etc.)

A

Biotic factors

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6
Q

Which of the levels of ecological organization pertains to this question:

“How does fire affect nutrient availability in grassland ecosystems?”

A

Ecosystem

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7
Q

The study of how individual organisms meet the challenges of their interactions with the living and nonliving components.
This field of ecology includes the subdisciplines of physiology, evolution, and behavior of INDIVIDUAL ORGANISMS as a basis for studying how each adapts to the challenges presented within their environments.

A

Organismal Ecology

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8
Q

True or false

According to the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, the individuals that make up a population of a species are not identical.

A

True

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9
Q

The part of earth that contains all ecosystems

A

Biosphere

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10
Q

A group of organism that can interbreed
and produce offspring.

A

Species

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11
Q

This is the long-term prevailing weather conditions in a given area

A

Climate

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12
Q

Which of the levels of ecological organization pertains to this question:

“How do zebras regulate their internal water balance?”

A

Organism/species

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13
Q

The word “Ecology” was first used by _____________ in 1869 to describe the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.

A

Ernst Haeckel

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14
Q

Which of the levels of ecological organization pertains to this question:

“What factors influence the number of large mammal species living together in African grasslands?”

A

Community

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15
Q

Study of soil is called ____________

A

Pedology

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16
Q

Which of the levels of ecological organization pertains to this question:

“What factors control zebra populations?”

A

Population

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17
Q

True or false

Evolutionary processes do not shape the interactions between organisms and their environments

A

False

18
Q

The study of the flow of energy and cycling of nutrients among organisms within a community and between
organisms and the environment. Research in this field deals with the flow of energy and materials within an ecosystem.

A

Ecosystem ecology

19
Q

True or false

According to the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, different ancestors do not leave different numbers of descendants.

A

False

20
Q

These are the major fields of ecology

A

Biology
Chemistry
Earth Science

21
Q

___________ refers to the physical disintegration and chemical
decomposition of the rocks and minerals

A

Weathering

22
Q

A group or association of populations of two or more different species occupying the same geographical area at the same time.

A

Community

23
Q

These are the levels of ecological organization

A

Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
Organism/species

24
Q

These are the non-living aspects of the environment

A

Abiotic factors

25
Q

All the organism of a given species that live in a particular area.

A

Population

26
Q

True or false

The fittest individuals in a population are those that leave the least number of
descendants relative to the number of
descendants left by other individuals in the population.

A

False

*leave the GREATEST number

27
Q

These are key components of a climate

A

Temperature
Precipitation
Sunlight
Wind

28
Q

The study of how POPULATIONS grow and what factors promote or limit growth. Studies in this field center on the determining factors influencing the occurrence and abundance of a
population.

A

Population Ecology

29
Q

____________ is a land-based community of organisms.

A

Terrestrial ecosystem

30
Q

The uppermost weathered layer of the Earth’s crust

A

Soil

31
Q

Photosynthesis occurs in the ____ and ____ light

A

blue, red

32
Q

The word “Ecology” was later defined by __________ in 1972 as the scientific study of interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms.

A

Charles Krebs

33
Q

Types of aquatic ecosystem

A

Marine ecosystem
Brackish water ecosystem
Freshwater ecosystem

34
Q

The scope of the definition of the word “Ecology” was expanded in 1999 as the scientific study of the relationships between organisms and their environment by marine ecologist
and fisheries biologist, _____________.

A

Manuel Molles

35
Q

These are determined largely by the
input of solar energy and Earth’s movement in space

A

Global climate patterns

36
Q

Plants use _________ to sense photoperiod, which they take as
signals for many growth and developmental processes.

A

photoreceptors

37
Q

A geographic area where plants, animals
and other organism as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a
bubble of life

A

Ecosystem

38
Q

These are soil mineral particles that have been carried from some other location
by wind, water, gravity or ice

A

Transported soil

39
Q

Types of terrestrial ecosystem

A

Tundra
Taiga
Temperate forest
Tropical rainforest
Grasslands
Deserts
Wetlands (saturated by water)

40
Q

It’s an electromagnetic radiation, its intensity and duration of solar radiation varying at Earth’s surface

A

Light

41
Q

The study of how populations of species interact and form functional COMMUNITIES. It examines the environmental influences on the kinds and diversity of organisms inhabiting
an area, particularly including the study of species interactions that often influence the structure and organization of communities.

A

Community Ecology

42
Q

These are soil mineral particles that have been formed in place from the bedrock
below

A

Residual soil

General Ecology (8 decks)

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