TOPIC 4 (LAB) - Species Interaction Flashcards
TYPE OF MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
type of mimicry in which a harmless species resembles an unpalatable or harmful species to which it is not closely related
Batesian mimicry
TYPE OF MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
Pheromones (chemical signals), secretions (odorous, toxins)
Chemical defense
Occurs when the use of the resource by one individual decreases the amount available for other individuals.
Resource or Exploitative competition (indirect)
TYPE OF MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
Warning colorations
Predators often avoid brightly color prey
Aposematic colorations
A competition between individuals of two species
Interspecific competition
A close prolonged association between two or more different biological species
Symbiosis
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS
One species REDUCES or adversely affects the population of another, but the affected species has no influence in return.
Amensalism (- /0)
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS
When one organism feeds on the other, rarely killing it outright; host typically survives, although its fitness is reduced.
Parasitism (+/-)
TYPE OF MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
thick skin, spines and thorns, protective shells, hardened scales
Mechanical defense
a survival tactic where a predator or parasite imitates a harmless model to avoid detection by its prey or host. The term is often compared to a wolf in sheep’s clothing.
AGGRESSIVE MIMICRY
It is when one organism uses another for its residence.
Inquilinism
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS
When one organism feeds on another, typically killing it outright.
Predation (+ /-)
Two types of competition
Interspecific
Intraspecific
TYPE OF MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
Camouflage; includes colors and patterns that allow prey to blend into the background
Cryptic coloration
What are some defensive morphological and physical adaptations?
Mechanical defense
Chemical defense
Aposematic colorations
Cryptic colorations
Batesian mimicry
Mullerian mimicry
A competition with member of their own species
Intraspecific competition
TYPE OF MORPHOLOGICAL/PHYSICAL ADAPTATIONS
reciprocal mimicry by two unpalatable species (Presumably, the more unpalatable prey there are, the faster predators learn to avoid prey with that particular appearance)
Mullerian mimicry
Principle that proposes two species with identical niches cannot coexist permanently, which leads to the prediction that coexisting species will have different niches.
COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION
Occurs when one organism physically restricts another organism’s access to resources including territoriality, chemical poisoning, and overgrowing.
Interference competition (direct)
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS
It takes place when there is BENEFIT to one organism in the interaction without any impact on the other.
Commensalism (+ /0)
TRUE of FALSE
Ecologically similar species can coexist in a community if one or more significant differences their niches arise through time.
True
Occurs when two individuals that do not directly compete for resources affect each other indirectly by being prey for the same predator.
Apparent competition (indirect)
An evolutionary process whereby organisms decrease direct competition by differentiating in their use of resources by altering which, how, or when resources are used.
Niche partitioning
it is when species can live without their mutualistic partners
FACULTATIVE MUTUALISM
CLASSIFICATIONS OF SPECIES INTERACTIONS
Like predation, it kills the host eventually.
Parasitoidism (+/-)
The range of conditions under which a species can persist (grow, survive, and reproduce) and the set of biotic and abiotic resources that an organism utilizes in its environment.
Ecological niche
it is when species are dependent upon the mutualistic relationship that they cannot live in its absence
OBLIGATE MUTUALISM
