Topic 5 - Homeostasis and response (2)

Question 1

Name two ways of sending information around the body?

Answer 1

• along nerves
• using hormones

Question 2

What are hormones?
Where are they located the body?
What is their function

Answer 2

-chemical molecules released directly into the blood
- they are carried in the blood to other parts of the body, they inly affect particular cells in particular organs (called target organs)
- hormones control things in cells and organs that need consant adjustment

Question 3

What is the name of the particular organs that hormones are sent to?

Answer 3

target organs

Question 4

Where are hormones located in the body?

Answer 4

they are carried in the blood (in the blood plasma)

Question 5

What is the function of hormones?

Answer 5

to control things in organs ans cells that need CONSTANT adjustment

Question 6

What are hormones produced and secreted by?

Answer 6

various glands, called endocrine glands
(these glands make up your endocrine system)

Question 7

What to the endocrine glands make up?

Answer 7

The endocrine glands make up the endocrine system

Question 8

What is the endocrine system?

Answer 8

the endocrine glands in an organism that secrete hormones

Question 9

How long lasting are the affects of hormones?

Answer 9

hormones tend to have relatvely long lasting affects

Question 10

Name 6 examples of glands that secrete hormones?

Answer 10

• pituitary gland
• thyroid
• ovaries
• testes
• adrenal gland
• the pancreas

Question 11

State two comparisons between the affects of the nervous system and endocrine system?

Answer 11

• endocrine sytem affects are slower than that of the nervous system
• endocrine system effects act for longer than the nervous system

Question 12

What does the pituitary gland do?
Why is the pituitary gland sometimes called the ‘master gland’?

Answer 12

• secretes many hormones into the blood in response to body conditions
• the hormones produced act on other glands, stimulating them to release hormones that bring about change

Question 13

What is the pituitary gland sometimes referred to as?

Answer 13

the ‘master gland’

Question 14

What hormone does the thyroid produce? (1)
What does the hormone do? (3)

Answer 14

• produces thyroxine
• involved in regulating things like rate of metabolism, heart rate and temperature

Question 15

What hormone do the ovaries produce?
What does the hormone do?

Answer 15

• oestrogen
• regulates the menstrual cycle

Question 16

What hormone does the adrenal gland produce?
What does the hormone do?

Answer 16

• adrenaline
• used to prepare the body for ‘fight or flight’ response

Question 17

What hormone does the testes produce?
What does the hormone do?

Answer 17

• testosterone
• used to control puberty and sperm production in males

Question 18

What hormone does the pancreas produce?
What does the hormone do?

Answer 18

• insulin
• used to regulate the blood glucose level

Question 19

Compare the differences between nerves and hormones (3)

Answer 19

Nerves:
Very fast action
Act for a very short time
Act on a very precise area
Hormones:
Slower action
Act for a long time
Act in a more general way

Question 20

If a response happens quickly, what type of response is it likely to be?

Answer 20

nervous

Question 21

What are the two types of response?

Answer 21

Nervous
Hormonal

Question 22

Why are nerves used when information needs to be passed to effectors really quickly?

Answer 22

pain signals or danger approaching could not be transferred using hormones as they are too slow

Question 23

Name a signal that needs to be passed to effectors quickly?

Answer 23

pain signals

Question 24

If a response lasts a long time, what type of response is it likely to be?

Answer 24

hormonal

Question 25

How would your body react when you recieve a shock?

Answer 25

- a hormone called adrenaline is released into the body (causing the fight or flight response preparing you body for action)

Question 26

How can you tell if you have just recieved a hormonal response?

Answer 26

you'll feel a bit wobbly for a while afterwards

Question 27

What do insulin and glucagon control?

Answer 27

Blood glucose level

Question 28

What can you do which causes glucose to be put into the blood from the gut?

Answer 28

Eating foods containing carbohydrates

Question 29

What removes glucose from the blood?

Answer 29

The normal metabolism of cells

Question 30

What increases the amount of glucose removed from the blood?

Answer 30

vigorous exercise

Question 31

What can excess glucose be stored as and where?

Answer 31

can be sored as glycogen in the liver and muscles

Question 32

How is the level of glucose in the blood kept steady?

Answer 32

- changes are monitored and controlled by the pancreas using the hormones insulin and glucagon in a negative feedback cycle

Question 33

What does insulin do?

Answer 33

remove glucose from the blood

Question 34

What is diabetes?

Answer 34

A condition that affects your ability to control your blood sugar level

Question 35

What are the two types of diabetes?

Answer 35

- type 1 - type 2

Question 36

What happens to a person with type 1 diabetes?

Answer 36

- the pancreas produces little or no insulin - the person's blood glucose level can rise to a level that can kill them

Question 37

What treatement do people with type 1 diabtetes need? What does this do?

Answer 37

- Insulin Therapy - usually involves several injections of insulin throughout the day, most likely at mealtimes - This makes sure that glucose is removed from the blood quickly once the food has been digested, stopping the blood glucose level gettting too high - It's a very effective treatment

Question 38

When a person with type 1 diabetes is being treated with insulin therapy, what determines the amount of insulin they are injected with?

Answer 38

the peron's diet and how active they are

Question 39

Along with insulin therapy, how else can people with type 1 diabetes regulate their condition?

Answer 39

- limit the intake of food rich in simple carbohydrates e.g, sugars (these cause blood glucose to rise rapidly) - taking regular exercise (helps to remove excess glucose from the blood)

Question 40

What happens to a person when they have type 2 diabetes?

Answer 40

the person becomes resistant to their own insulin (they still produce insulin, but their body's cells don't respond properly to the hormone) - thia also causes a person's blood sugar to rise to a dangerous level

Question 41

What can type 2 diabetes be controlled by?

Answer 41

eating a carbohydrate controlled diet and exercising regularly

Question 42

Type 2 diabetes: What is a major risk factor in the development of the disease?

Answer 42

obesity

Question 43

How does your body respond when blood glucose level is too high

Answer 43

- insulin is secreted by the pancreas - insulin and glucose diffuse into the liver + muscle cells - insulin makes liver turn glucose into glycogen (to be stored) - blood glucose is reduced

Question 44

How does your body respond when blood glucose level is too low?

Answer 44

- glucagon is secreted by the pancreas - glucagon makes liver turn glycogen into glucose - glucose released into the blood by the liver - blood glucose is increased