Topic 2 - Organisation (1) Flashcards
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CELL ORGANISATION:
What are the four building blocks that make a large multicellular organism?
- cells
- tissues
- organs
- organ systems
CELL ORGANISATION:
What are cells?
The basic building blocks that make up all living organisms
CELL ORGANISATION:
Why do cells become specialised?
So they can carry out a particulat fnuction
CELL ORGANISATION:
What is the name of the process by which a cell becomes specialised for a particular job?
specialisation
CELL ORGANISATION:
What are similar cells organised into?
tissues
CELL ORGANISATION:
What is a tissue?
a group of similar cells that work together to carry out a particular function (it can include more than one type of cell)
CELL ORGANISATION:
Give the name and function of three different types of tissues in mammals?
- muscular tissue, contracts to move whatever it’s attached to
- glandular tissue, which makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones
- epithelial tissue, covers some parts of the body e.g. the inside of the gut
CELL ORGANISATION:
What are tissues organised into?
organs
CELL ORGANISATION:
What is an organ?
a group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function
CELL ORGANISATION:
What three tissues make up the stomach (an organ) and what is their function?
- muscular tissue, moves the stomach wall to churn up the food
- glandular tissue, makes digestive juices to digest food
- epithelial tissue, covers the inside and outside of the stomach
CELL ORGANISATION:
What are organs organised into?
organ systems
CELL ORGANISATION:
What is an organ system?
a group of organs working together to perform a particular finction
CELL ORGANISATION:
Which organ system breaks down and absorbs food?
the digestive system
CELL ORGANISATION:
What is the function of the digestive system?
breaks down and absorbs food
CELL ORGANISATION:
What are the 5 key organs that make up the digestive system and what is their function?
1) glands (e.g. the pancreas and salivary glands) which produce digestive juices
2) The stomach and small intestine, which digest food
3) the liver, which produces bile
4) the small intestine, which absorbs soluble food molecules
5) the large intestine, which absorbs water from undigested food, leaving faeces
CELL ORGANISATION:
What do organ systems work together to make?
entire organisms
CELL ORGANISATION:
What is the size of an epithelial cell in mm?
less than 0.1 mm
CELL ORGANISATION:
How large is the stomach compared to an epthelial cell?
about 10cm (over 1000 times longer than an epithelial cell)
ENZYMES:
Why do chemical reactions in organisms need to be carefully controlled?
to produce the correct amounts of substances
ENZYMES:
Why can’t the rate of reactions in organisms be increased by raising temperatures?
- it would speed up the rate of the unwanted reactions as well as the rate of the useful ones
- there’s also a limit to how far you can raise the temperature inside a living organism before its cells start getting damaged
ENZYMES:
Why do living things produce enzymes?
- they act as biological catalysts
- they reduce the need for high temperatures and we only have enzymes to speed up the useful chemical reactions in the body
ENZYMES:
What is a catalyst?
a substance which increases the speed of the reaction whithout being changed or used up in the reaction
ENZYMES:
What are enzymes made up of?
- they are all large proteins and all proteins are made of chains of amino acids. These chains are folded into unique shapes, which enzymes need to do their job
ENZYMES:
What is the part of the enzyme with a unique shape that fits onto the substrate involved in the reaction?
active site
