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GCSE Biology > First term (cell biology) > Flashcards

First term (cell biology) Flashcards

1
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

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2
Q

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms?

A

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

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3
Q

What is the function of the cell wall?

A

To support and strengthen the cell

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4
Q

What is the cell wall made of?

A

Cellulose

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5
Q

What is the function of the cell membrane?

A

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

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7
Q

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place (it contains enzymes that controls the chemical reactions)

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8
Q

What is the function of the ribosomes?

A

the site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)

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9
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place (this transfers energy that the cell needs to work)

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10
Q

What is the function of chloroplasts?

A

The site of photosynthesis (they contain a green substance called chlorophyl which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis)

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11
Q

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

A

contains cell sap

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12
Q

What are plasmids?

A

smalls rings of DNA that float freely in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell

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13
Q

What organelles are only found in plant cells?

A

chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

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14
Q

How many micrometres go into 1mm?

A

1,000

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14
Q

How do you calculate the length of an individual cell?

A

Length of cell = distance/ number of cells

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15
Q

How do you calculate magnification?

A

Magnification = Image size / actual size

16
Q

What organisms are made of prokaryotic cells?

A

bacteria (a prokaryote,a single celled organism)

17
Q

What organisms are made from Eukaryotic cells?

A

plants, animals, fungi

18
Q

What are some characteristics of Eukaryotes?

A

cells have a nucleus,
cells have membrane bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts

19
Q

What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?

A

cells don’t have a nucleus,
cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells (less than 10 micrometres),
can have extra rings of DNA called plasmids,
do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts

20
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Has the ability to photosynthesize

A

Plant

21
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Uses a tail like structure called a ‘flagellum’

A

animal

22
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Engulfs tiny particles of plants and animals for nutrition

A

neither

23
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Lacks a cell wall, but has protein bands that spiral down its length

A

neither

24
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Contains chloroplasts

A

Plant

25
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Contains a red eyespot that allows it to sense light

A

animal

26
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Contains a nucleus which contains DNA and controls the activities of the cell

A

both

27
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Contains a contractile vacuole which enables the cell to control water levels and prevents the cell from bursting?

A

animal

28
Q

Plant or animal cell?
Contains cytoplasm where reactions within the cell take place

A

both

29
Q

What are the two reasons that cells differentiate in mature animals?

A

repairing and replacing

30
Q

What ways can you speed up diffusion?

A

Heating up the fluid
Shorter distance
Stirring
Increasing the concentration gradient
Larger surface area to volume ratio

31
Q

Why do bacteria need a larger surface area to volume ratio?

A

They absorb everything they need through their cell membrane

32
Q

What is the function of a nerve cell?

A

To quickly carry messages or electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

33
Q

What is the function of a muscle cell?

A

To contract quickly

34
Q

What is the function of a sperm cell?

A

To carry the male’s DNA to the female’s DNA in the egg cell

35
Q

What is the function of a root hair cell?

A

to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil

36
Q

What is the function of a phloem cell?

A

specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis to all parts of the plant

37
Q

What is the function of a xylem cell?

A

transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots

38
Q
A

GCSE Biology (3 decks)

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