First term (cell biology)

Question 1

What is Diffusion?

Answer 1

The spreading out of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Question 2

What are the 7 characteristics of living organisms?

Answer 2

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition

Question 3

What is the function of the cell wall?

Answer 3

To support and strengthen the cell

Question 4

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 4

Cellulose

Question 5

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Answer 5

Holds the cell together and controls what goes in and out of the cell

Question 6

What is the function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

contains genetic material that controls the activities of the cell

Question 7

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Answer 7

a gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place (it contains enzymes that controls the chemical reactions)

Question 8

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Answer 8

the site of protein synthesis (where proteins are made)

Question 9

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 9

Where most of the reactions for aerobic respiration take place (this transfers energy that the cell needs to work)

Question 10

What is the function of chloroplasts?

Answer 10

The site of photosynthesis (they contain a green substance called chlorophyl which absorbs the light needed for photosynthesis)

Question 11

What is the function of a permanent vacuole?

Answer 11

contains cell sap

Question 12

What are plasmids?

Answer 12

smalls rings of DNA that float freely in the cytoplasm of a prokaryotic cell

Question 13

What organelles are only found in plant cells?

Answer 13

chloroplasts, vacuole, cell wall

Question 14

How many micrometres go into 1mm?

Answer 14

1,000

Question 14

How do you calculate the length of an individual cell?

Answer 14

Length of cell = distance/ number of cells

Question 15

How do you calculate magnification?

Answer 15

Magnification = Image size / actual size

Question 16

What organisms are made of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 16

bacteria (a prokaryote,a single celled organism)

Question 17

What organisms are made from Eukaryotic cells?

Answer 17

plants, animals, fungi

Question 18

What are some characteristics of Eukaryotes?

Answer 18

cells have a nucleus,
cells have membrane bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts

Question 19

What are some characteristics of prokaryotes?

Answer 19

cells don’t have a nucleus,
cells are much smaller than plant and animal cells (less than 10 micrometres),
can have extra rings of DNA called plasmids,
do not have mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 20

Plant or animal cell?
Has the ability to photosynthesize

Answer 20

Plant

Question 21

Plant or animal cell?
Uses a tail like structure called a ‘flagellum’

Answer 21

animal

Question 22

Plant or animal cell?
Engulfs tiny particles of plants and animals for nutrition

Answer 22

neither

Question 23

Plant or animal cell?
Lacks a cell wall, but has protein bands that spiral down its length

Answer 23

neither

Question 24

Plant or animal cell? Contains chloroplasts

Answer 24

Plant

Question 25

Plant or animal cell? Contains a red eyespot that allows it to sense light

Answer 25

animal

Question 26

Plant or animal cell? Contains a nucleus which contains DNA and controls the activities of the cell

Answer 26

both

Question 27

Plant or animal cell? Contains a contractile vacuole which enables the cell to control water levels and prevents the cell from bursting?

Answer 27

animal

Question 28

Plant or animal cell? Contains cytoplasm where reactions within the cell take place

Answer 28

both

Question 29

What are the two reasons that cells differentiate in mature animals?

Answer 29

repairing and replacing

Question 30

What ways can you speed up diffusion?

Answer 30

Heating up the fluid Shorter distance Stirring Increasing the concentration gradient Larger surface area to volume ratio

Question 31

Why do bacteria need a larger surface area to volume ratio?

Answer 31

They absorb everything they need through their cell membrane

Question 32

What is the function of a nerve cell?

Answer 32

To quickly carry messages or electrical impulses from one part of the body to another

Question 33

What is the function of a muscle cell?

Answer 33

To contract quickly

Question 34

What is the function of a sperm cell?

Answer 34

To carry the male's DNA to the female's DNA in the egg cell

Question 35

What is the function of a root hair cell?

Answer 35

to absorb water and mineral ions from the soil

Question 36

What is the function of a phloem cell?

Answer 36

specialised to carry the products of photosynthesis to all parts of the plant

Question 37

What is the function of a xylem cell?

Answer 37

transport water and mineral ions up the plant from the roots