Topic 5 - Health And Disease

Question 1

What is the definition of health?

Answer 1

A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 2

What is the WHO?

Answer 2

The world health organisation

Question 3

What is a disease?

Answer 3

A condition where part of an organism doesn’t function properly

Question 4

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 4

Diseases that can be spread between individuals eg tuberculosis

Question 5

What is a non communicable disease?

Answer 5

A disease that can’t be transmitted between individuals eg cancer

Question 6

What are pathogens?

Answer 6

They are organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists that cause communicable diseases

Question 7

How can one disease make you more susceptible to other diseases?

Answer 7

Your body may become weakened by the disease so it’s less able to fight off others.

Question 8

Describe cholera

Answer 8

• Bacteria (pathogen)
• transmitted through water
• diarrhoea
• prevent transmission: drink + use safe clean water

Question 9

Describe tuberculosis

Answer 9

• pathogen: bacteria
• transmitted: airborne
• causes lung damage, coughing
• prevent transmission: vaccination, isolation

Question 10

Describe chalara ash dieback

Answer 10

• pathogen: fungi
• transmission: airborne
• causes leaf loss + bark lesions
• prevent transmission: remove + dispose infected plants

Question 11

Describe malaria

Answer 11

• pathogen: protist
• transmitted: animal vectors
• causes damage to blood + liver, nausea
• prevent transmission: insect repellent

Question 12

Describe HIV

Answer 12

• pathogen: virus
• transmitted: bodily fluids (vaginal + anul)
• destroys WBC, aids. Fatigue
• prevent transmission: use condom

Question 13

Lifestyle factors that cause non communicable diseases

Answer 13

Smoking
Malnutrition
Not exercising enough / eating bad diet
Too much alcohol

Question 14

Explain how smoking is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease

Answer 14

Nicotine increases heart rate + blood pressure.
High blood pressure damages artery walls, builds up fatty deposits, restricts blood flow + increases risk of heart attack or stroke

Question 15

Explain how alcohol is a risk factor in developing liver disease.

Answer 15

Because alcohol is broken down by enzymes in liver + some products are toxic. Too much alcohol over long period of time can cause permanent liver damage.

Question 16

How non communicable diseases have an effect locally

Answer 16

Areas with high levels of obesity, smoking or excess alcohol consumption are more likely to have diseases, putting pressure on resources of local hospitals.

Question 17

How non communicable disease have an effect nationally

Answer 17

National health service provides resources for treatments over uk + people with disease might not work, affecting economy

Question 18

How non communicable diseases have an effect worldwide

Answer 18

Cardiovascular disease is no.1 killer worldwide. Developing countries have malnutrition as a big problem. The high cost of these diseases can prevent a country developing.

Question 19

BMI equation

Answer 19

BMI = weight (kg) / height 2 (m)

Question 20

What is the waist to hip ratio

Answer 20

Waist circumference (cm) / hip circumference (cm)

Question 21

How can lifestyle changes treat CVD

Answer 21

People with CVD are encouraged to eat a healthy, balanced diet that’s low in saturated fat.
Also encouraged to exercise, stop smoking, loose weight.
Lifestyle changes is always recommended first

Question 22

How can medication treat CVD?

Answer 22

Statins reduce cholesterol in bloodstream, slows rate of fatty deposits forming. Side affects: aching muscles.
Anticoagulantes reduce blood clots forming
Antihypertensive reduce blood pressure

Question 23

Surgical procedures that treat CVD

Answer 23

Stents are tubes inserted in arteries, keep them open so blood can pass through. Coronary bypass surgery, healthy vessel taken from somewhere else + used to bypass blocked section. Heart donor.

Question 24

Kwashiorkor cause

Answer 24

Deficiency in protein

Question 25

Scurvy cause

Answer 25

Deficiency in vitamin c

Question 26

Anaemia cause

Answer 26

Deficiency in iron

Question 27

Rickets cause

Answer 27

Deficiency in vitamin D + calcium