Topic 5 - Health And Disease Flashcards
What is the definition of health?
A state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
What is the WHO?
The world health organisation
What is a disease?
A condition where part of an organism doesn’t function properly
What is a communicable disease?
Diseases that can be spread between individuals eg tuberculosis
What is a non communicable disease?
A disease that can’t be transmitted between individuals eg cancer
What are pathogens?
They are organisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi and protists that cause communicable diseases
How can one disease make you more susceptible to other diseases?
Your body may become weakened by the disease so it’s less able to fight off others.
Describe cholera
- Bacteria (pathogen)
- transmitted through water
- diarrhoea
- prevent transmission: drink + use safe clean water
Describe tuberculosis
- pathogen: bacteria
- transmitted: airborne
- causes lung damage, coughing
- prevent transmission: vaccination, isolation
Describe chalara ash dieback
- pathogen: fungi
- transmission: airborne
- causes leaf loss + bark lesions
- prevent transmission: remove + dispose infected plants
Describe malaria
- pathogen: protist
- transmitted: animal vectors
- causes damage to blood + liver, nausea
- prevent transmission: insect repellent
Describe HIV
- pathogen: virus
- transmitted: bodily fluids (vaginal + anul)
- destroys WBC, aids. Fatigue
- prevent transmission: use condom
Lifestyle factors that cause non communicable diseases
Smoking
Malnutrition
Not exercising enough / eating bad diet
Too much alcohol
Explain how smoking is a major risk factor associated with cardiovascular disease
Nicotine increases heart rate + blood pressure.
High blood pressure damages artery walls, builds up fatty deposits, restricts blood flow + increases risk of heart attack or stroke
Explain how alcohol is a risk factor in developing liver disease.
Because alcohol is broken down by enzymes in liver + some products are toxic. Too much alcohol over long period of time can cause permanent liver damage.
How non communicable diseases have an effect locally
Areas with high levels of obesity, smoking or excess alcohol consumption are more likely to have diseases, putting pressure on resources of local hospitals.
How non communicable disease have an effect nationally
National health service provides resources for treatments over uk + people with disease might not work, affecting economy
How non communicable diseases have an effect worldwide
Cardiovascular disease is no.1 killer worldwide. Developing countries have malnutrition as a big problem. The high cost of these diseases can prevent a country developing.
BMI equation
BMI = weight (kg) / height 2 (m)
What is the waist to hip ratio
Waist circumference (cm) / hip circumference (cm)
How can lifestyle changes treat CVD
People with CVD are encouraged to eat a healthy, balanced diet that’s low in saturated fat.
Also encouraged to exercise, stop smoking, loose weight.
Lifestyle changes is always recommended first
How can medication treat CVD?
Statins reduce cholesterol in bloodstream, slows rate of fatty deposits forming. Side affects: aching muscles.
Anticoagulantes reduce blood clots forming
Antihypertensive reduce blood pressure
Surgical procedures that treat CVD
Stents are tubes inserted in arteries, keep them open so blood can pass through. Coronary bypass surgery, healthy vessel taken from somewhere else + used to bypass blocked section. Heart donor.
Kwashiorkor cause
Deficiency in protein
Scurvy cause
Deficiency in vitamin c
Anaemia cause
Deficiency in iron
Rickets cause
Deficiency in vitamin D + calcium
