Topic 5- Energy Flashcards
- How is energy expenditure fuelled?
By the macro nutrients
- If every is not used what happens?
It will be stored as fat in fat cells
- What does accumulation of excess fat lead to?
Is a health risk and can lead to atherosclerosis, obesity, heart disease. Excess fat located around the abdominal organs leading to cantal adiposity in the most serious risk
- Are all three macronutrients converted to fat in excess?
Yes
- What is the first energy source used?
Carbs. Proteins is usually directed to structural use and dietary fat is stored first
- What macronutrient requires the easiest metabolic steps to be converted to fat?
Dietary fat is the easiest. Thus reducing fat usually has the best effect in reducing body fat
- How can the energy content of foods be determined?
Bomb calorimeter- burns a food into CO2 and H2O and measures the energy released
- How dies the body gain energy?
Though digestion and absorption, nutrients are broken down into four groups of molecules that can enter the cellular energy metabolic pathways for energy. (monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids)
- What are the 4 groups of molecules that can enter cellular energy metabolic pathways?
monosaccharides, amino acids, glycerol and fatty acids
- What will happen in daily dietary energy intake is balanced by energy output?
Weight will remain the same
basal metabolism + physical activity + DIT + adaptive thermogenesis
- How can people adjust energy balance?
Through food intake or exercise levels
- Why does appetite exist?
It exists in all higher life-forms, and serves to regulate adequate energy intake to maintain metabolic needs
- How is appetite regulated (simple)?
By close interplay (nerves and chemicals) between the digest tract, adipose tissue and the brain
- What is decreased desire to eat termed as?
Anorexia
- What is increased desire to eat termed as?
polyphagia or hyperphagia
What is the main regulatory organ for appetite?
The hypothalamus- It senses external stimuli though a number of hormones such as:
- Leptin
- Ghrelin
- PYY
- Orexin
- CCK
- What are orexigenic hormones and anorexigenic hormone?
Orexigenic: They increase hunger and therefore enhance food consumption (gherkin, orexin or neuropeptide)
Anorexigenic: Decrease hunger
-What is the most filling macronutrient?
Proteins are ad give an extended feeling of fullness