topic 5 - biological molecules and diet

Question 1

what are the biological molecules?

Answer 1

carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

what is a monomer?

Answer 2

a building block that makes up a substance

Question 3

examples of carbohydrates

Answer 3

bread, pasta, fruit, vegetables

Question 4

what is the monomer of carbohydrates?

Answer 4

monosaccharide e.g. glucose

Question 5

what is glucose used for?

Answer 5

used in cellular respiration to make ATP

Question 6

what is the function of carbohydrates?

Answer 6

they are a fast source of energy

Question 7

examples of lipids

Answer 7

fats, oils, butter

Question 8

what is the monomer of lipids?

Answer 8

glycerol and fatty acids

Question 9

what is the function of lipids?

Answer 9

they are a long term source of energy storage

Question 10

examples of proteins?

Answer 10

beans, nuts, meat, eggs

Question 11

what is the monomer of proteins?

Answer 11

amino acid

Question 12

what is the function of proteins?

Answer 12

acting as enzymes, working in the immune system

Question 13

what is the monomer of nucleic acid?

Answer 13

nucleotides

Question 14

examples of nucleic acid?

Answer 14

DNA and RNA

Question 15

chemical elements in carbohydrates?

Answer 15

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 16

chemical elements in lipids?

Answer 16

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen

Question 17

chemical elements in proteins?

Answer 17

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen

Question 18

chemical elements in nucleic acid?

Answer 18

Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
Phosphorus

Question 19

test for protein

Answer 19

1. collect 5 food samples
2. chop up first sample and put it in a test tube
3. add 3cm of biuret solution
4. shake or stir to mix the food and solution
5. if the solution stays blue, there’s no protein. if it changes to purple, it contains protein

Question 20

test for fat

Answer 20

1. collect 5 food samples
2. chop up first sample and put it in a test tube
3. add enough ethanol to cover the food
4. shake or stir to mix the food and ethanol
5. put water in a different test tube
6. pour ethanol (without food) into the new test tube
7. if the water stays clear, there’s no fat. if it goes milky white, it contains fat

Question 21

test for starch

Answer 21

1. put food sample on a white tile
2. add a few drops of iodine solution
3. if it stays orangey-brown, it doesn’t contain starch. if it goes black-blue, it contains starch.

Question 22

test for sugar

Answer 22

1. put food sample in a boiling tube
2. add 3cm of Benedict’s solution and mix with the food
3. stand tube in a very hot water bath and leave for 5 minutes
4. if it contains sugar, the solution will turn from blue to dirty green to yellow to orangey-red.

Question 23

where is vitamin A found?

Answer 23

can be found in fruits, vegetables, dairy, fish, etc

Question 24

where is vitamin C found?

Answer 24

fruits e.g. orange, lemon, tomato

Question 25

where is vitamin D found?

Answer 25

fatty fish

Question 26

what is the function of vitamin A?

Answer 26

important for normal vision, the immune system, reproduction, and growth and development

Question 27

what is the function of vitamin C?

Answer 27

form blood vessels, cartilage, muscle and collagen in bones

Question 28

what is the function of vitamin D?

Answer 28

help the body absorb and retain calcium and phosphorus

Question 29

where is calcium found?

Answer 29

bones, teeth, starchy vegetables

Question 30

where is iron found?

Answer 30

meat, seafood

Question 31

what is the function of calcium?

Answer 31

build strong bones, help blood clotting

Question 32

what is the function of iron?

Answer 32

make haemoglobin, boost immune system