Topic 5 : Adolescents Flashcards
What are the Areas concerning adolescence according to Stanley Hall?
Growth norms
language development & childhood diseases
Hygiene & juvenile crime
lying & showing off
bashfulness &fear
curiosity & friendship
What is the purpose of Adolescence according to the Cross-Cultural Approach to Adolescence
Argument: adolescence is a social stage in response to the growth of reproductive capacity-not the cognitive and affective reorganization focus.
A period of training for specialized manual and cognitive skills-industrial societies
Psychological task-define self according to adult occupation
Identity vs. role- Erickson-uncertain of who they are
Preindustrial societies?
Is adolescence a product of culture? –is the social stage present in all species?-features of adolescence in humans highlight the culture
Adolescence is a time to prepare for adult reproductive life
What values were presented in the Cross-Cultural Approach to Adolescence?
Gender differences in the upbringing during adolescents-
Becoming older
Relationships
Processes/traditions
Reproduction ( related to sleep arrangements)
What is the impact of school according to the Cross-Cultural Approach to Adolescence?
Spending more time with peers ( There are two cultures: back and forth between Home and school environments.)
Self-absorption ( Caring more about yourself)
No parental supervision
No adult responsibilities
What is Adolescents according to Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia
Adolescence is a unique life period. Distinct period in the lifespan
Difference between industrial and pre-industrial societies:
Industrial: when does adolescence begin, and when it ends)
Almost all societies have some period of adolescence-the difference is in the how-ceremonies, rites of passage, and public events.
Industrialized societies-when does adolescence begin, and when does it end?
Variations during adolescence- within a culture, by gender, and social class
Is the Period of “Storm and Stress” Universal in Adolescents according to Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
Puberty- “tumultuous period”- “raging hormones.”
Physical transitions-growth spurts, sexual maturation, hormonal changes, brain development-prefrontal cortex
Perform adult functions but lacks psychological maturity, social status, and financial resources.
Tension between biology and society- could result in a difficult transitional period. ( industrialized and post industrialized society )
Increase in depression and criminal behaviors- why?
What is in the Physical Development for Adolescents in
Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
Puberty:
Culture affects the onset of puberty-onset of menarche varies across cultures (12-18 but has been declining)
Nutrition impacts the onset of menarche ( good nutrition = early periods, Higher economic status = earlier periods )
Physical exertion impacts onset of menarche. ( more exercise = later periods )
Ecological factors impact the onset of menarche ( altitude = later periods)
Culture can impact height and weight-how ?=> malnutrition can affect growth sprout
What is Piaget ‘s theory of cognitive development in the Cognitive Development of Adolescents in
Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
concrete operations to Formal operations
Concrete operations : 7-11-reason logically about concrete events
Formal operations: 11 through early adulthood-think in more abstract ways
Universals-sequence of the stages
Cultural variations-timing of progression through stages
The challenge- formal operation is the end-state of thought development.
Formal operations is not present in all societies-why?
Absolutists vs. Relativists have a different interpretation of Formal Operation .
What is Kohlberg’s theory of moral development in Adolescents in Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
Universal –generally the sequence ( same course )
Cultural variation-timing of the stage of attainment
For the Post-conventional morality stage
Individualistic: concerns of justice ( as Kohlberg stated )
Collectivist cultures-care and concern for others are more important than justice.
What is Intelligence in Adolescents in Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
Why is the topic of culture and intelligence controversial? There are systematic variations in general intelligence among various Cultures / racial groups.
Research on nutrition and intelligence: the link between nutrition with cognitive abilities and socio-emotional development
Poor diet leads to limiting brain development which lead to inferior cognitive functions ( protein is GOOD )
What is Academic achievement in Adolescents in Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
*Cultural variations are present in school achievement ( Japan , Korea , Singapore > other parts of the world )
Influences include: value of formal education, language systems, poverty rate, and malnutrition
Example : In asian countries there is a positive outlook on hard work, high parental expectations , more time devoted outside the school
What are Socio-Emotional Development in Adolescents in Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
Family and peers-major social contexts
Peers : American Families spend more time with peers = more influence.
Three areas of research family context
o family warmth-physical and verbal- are universal in associating with positive outcomes ( well being self esteem ) but the level of parental warmth varies
o consequences of parent-adolescent conflict ( high levels= low parental warmth = misconduct and depressive symptoms)
o timetable of establishing autonomy from parents
What are emerging issues in Adolescents in Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
No attention to :
Examine differences in the resulting developmental process- similarities is academic achievement and delinquency
Cross-cultural adolescent research in the effects of social change and globalization-technology
How social changes are influencing adolescents physical, cognitive, and socio-emotional development
What is in the Cognitive Development for Adolescents in
Culture and Adolescent Development by Chen & Farruggia ?
Piaget’s Theory of developmental stages
Kohlberg’s theory of moral development
Study of Intelligence
Moral Development
What do absolutists believe when looking at Formal Operations ?
Formal Operations is universal in the sequence and ultimate stage
