Topic 3 : Development Flashcards
What are the Developmental Domains ?
- Physical development
Growth and changes in the body and brain, the senses, motor skills, and health and wellness - Cognitive development
Learning, attention, memory, language, thinking,
reasoning, and creativity - Psychosocial development
Emotions, personality, and social relationships
Where do the origins of cultural differences come from?
socialization in different environments
Genetics
Similar Genetic Temperament
Name the discontinuous theories of Development ?
Sigmund Freud: Theory of Psychosexual Development , Erikson
Eric Erickson: Psychosocial Theory
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development
Name the continuous theories of Development ?
Ivan Pavlov: Classical Conditioning
John B. Watson: fears and emotions are classically conditioned
B.F. Skinner: Operant Conditioning
Lawrence Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development
What are the Components of Cultural Ecology ?
A physical place and the people
What is the Framework of Berry’s Original Ecological Theory ?
Human differences are a set of collective and individual adaptations to context
What are the Five Main Features of Berry’s Original Ecological Theory?
o Ecological context: surroundings (the weather)
o Sociopolitical context: social norms, the war
o Population adaptations (cultural and biological)
Biological adaptation: nutrition is different, pollution, drinking milk?
Cultural adaptation: The culture change ( you as an individual adapts) , the shift in language ( from one context to another . The shift from student
o Transmission variables: direct ecological influences, genetic transmission, cultural transmission, and acculturation
o Behavioral outcomes : Observed Behaviour and Inferred Characteristics
What is Acculturation?
Take on heritage culture and leave out that culture. You come up with a compromise - the change that happens when you interact with this. ( you need to teach in a language you are not used to so you acculturate )
What is a Critique of the Berry’s Original Ecological Theory?
The design of the framework is not designed for human development
What is the Ecological System Theory proposed by Bronfenbrenner ?
How does the social environment affect the development
Human development within systems –each system impacts human development differently.
What are the systems proposed by Bronfenbrenner?
Micro-system: Made up of the groups that have direct contact with the (Family, school, health services)
Mesosystem : a combination of two or more micro-systems ( school and Family )
Ecosystem: Factors that affect an individual’s life but the elements of this system don’t have a direct relationship with the individual (Neighbours, social services, mass media , Industry , Local politics )
Macrosystem : Attitudes and Ideologies of the culture
Chronosystem: The stage of life that the individual is in regarding the situations they’re going through.
What is The Developmental Niche Framework proposed by Super & Harkness
How culture shapes child development through two basic principles :
“A child’s environment is organized as part of a cultural meaning system or a cultural community.”
“A child’s biological disposition affects their process of development.”
What are the Three interacting subsystems of the Developmental Niche Framework?
Physical and social settings: where you live and grew up,
Customs and practices of child rearing: Nurture, affection, parenting , a show of love, support, you can do better next time
The psychology of the caregivers: working with the caregiver, play , thinks about what is going on and attachment style
What is the Social Ontogenesis: Nsamenang theory?
Growth of social selfhood through a series of phases-distinctive developmental tasks
What are the Phases of the Social Ontogenesis: Nsamenang theory?
o Ceremony of the naming- how the child should become
o Social priming: adapting to family’s eco-culture - Baby example ( Generosity )
o Social apprenticing: reorganize, understand, rehearse ( till get the social role )
o Priming: Social responsibility
