Topic 5 Flashcards
Joint
where 2 or more bones connect
fibrous joint
cartilaginous
synovial
Fibrous Joint
- two bones coming together, joining by collagen fibres
- rare not very many of them
- composed of different types of fibres, long and short
- immobile(synarthrosis)
- example sutures in the skull
Cartilaginous Joint
- 2 bones coming together, joining by collagen fibres
- rare not very many of them
- can be immobile or can allow some movement
- immobile- hyaline cartilage- sternum, joint between first rib and sternum
- movement- fibrocartilage- body of the vertebrae, or where the pelvic girdle comes together- amphiarthrosis
Synovial joint
- most common joint
- 2 bones come together are covered with articular cartilage, separated by a joint cavity, and inclosed within a capsule lined with synovial membrane
- freely movable (diathosis)
- fibrous layer is made from dense irregular connective tissue
- synovial membrane is made from areolar connective tissue, contains macrophages
- nutrients are supplied by synovial fluid
- cavity allows fluid movement between cavity and cartilage
Gliding
sliding the flat surfaces of two bones across each other
ex. moving wrist side to side
Flexion
decreasing the angle between 2 bones, sagittal plane
ex. tilting head down towards chest
Extension
increasing the angle between 2 bones, sagittal plane
ex. tilting head up towards sky
Hyperextension
movements beyond the atomically position
ex. bending arms back past shoulder
Adbuction
moving a limb away from the body midline in the frontal plane
ex. moving arms up towards sky
Adduction
moving a limb towards the body midline in the frontal plane
ex. bringing arms close to hips
Circumduction
moving limb so that is creates a cone in space
ex. moving wrist in a circular motion
medial rotation
towards the medial plane
material rotation
away from the medial plane
