Topic 4

Question 1

7 Important Functions of Bones

Answer 1

protection
storage of calcium
framework of the body
manufactures blood cells (red bone marrow) found in hips, skull, and ribs
fat storage (yellow bone marrow) found in long bones
anchor point for tendons
hormone production - osteocalcin regulates the secretion of glucose and insulin

Question 2

Major Regions of the Skeleton

Answer 2

Axial Skeleton- the skull, vertebral column, thoracic cage

Appendicular- pectoral girdle contains upper limb, pelvic girdle contains lower limb

Question 3

Bone

Answer 3

connective tissue, hard, calcified, matrix containing many collagen fiber, very well vascularized, osteocytes( make up bone)
function- supports and protects, stores calcium, marrow inside bone is what makes the production of blood cells

Question 4

Lacuane

Answer 4

fluid filled cavities that the osteocytes lie in
lacunae are connected by canaliculi
layers are called lamella

Question 5

Hydroxyapatite

Answer 5

inorganic substance that makes bone hard, crystals resist compression
the organic substance that makes bone hard is collagen fiber

Question 6

Compact Bone

Answer 6

made of osteons
has passageways for blood vessels and nerves
perforating canals so blood can get everywhere
yellow bone marrow
collagen fibers are in different directions, help withstand twisting, collagen fibers break instead of bone
found in shaft of bone

Question 7

Spongy Bone

Answer 7

very open structure
bars of bone called trabecular, help bone resist stress
lots of holes for blood vessels and nerves red bone marrow
found at the end of long bones, the epiphyes

Question 8

Sutures

Answer 8

place where 2 bones come together (joint)
not flexible
coronal structure- formed between two parietal bones and the frontal bone
lambdoid- dense, fibrous connective tissue joint on the posterior side of the skull, connects parietal bone with the occipital bone.
sagitt- between the two parietal bones in the skull
squamous-between the temporal and parietal bones bilaterally

Question 9

Fontanell

Answer 9

infant skull that has not fused yet 
mastoid fontanelle x2
sphenoidal x2
anterior
posterior

Question 10

Parenatial Sinus

Answer 10

air filled spaces, lined with mucosal membrane
inside the frontal bone, within the sphenoid
warm and humidify air
lighten skull
sound production
connect in the nasal cavity

Question 11

Male vs Female Skeleton

Answer 11

male
larger
acetabula( where femur fits) is larger and closer together
pubic arch is acute
coccyx less movable, projects anteriorly
pelvic inlet narrow and heart shaped
pelvic outlet narrow, ischial spines closer together