Topic 3

Question 1

Major 4 Types of Membranes

Answer 1

Serous- found in closed ventral body cavities, consists of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areolar connective tissue. Ex serous membrane found in digestive system called Peritoneum serous membrane.

Mucous- lines all body cavities that open to the outside of the body, either contains stratified squamous or simple columnar, Ex hollow organs in the respiratory or digestive system

Cutaneous- skin, organ system consisting of stratified squamous epithelial attached to thick layer of connective tissue

Synovial-

Question 2

Functions of the Integumentary System

Answer 2

acts as a barrier to the outside world
protects against disease
retains body fluid
eliminates waste products
regulates body temp
sensation- pain, touch pressure

Question 3

Epidermis

Answer 3

outermost protective shield of the body, composed of stratified squamous

Question 4

Epidermis Cells

Answer 4

keratinocytes- produce keratin, give the epidermis protective properties, come from the deepest part( stratum basale), tied together by desmosomes can be for strength or to hinder the movement of water between the cells

Melanocytes- produce melanin which provides pigment to the skin, protects against UV rays, spider shaped

Dendritic cells- star shaped, come from the bone marrow and go to the epidermis, capture foreign substances and go into the lymphatic system and show to other white blood cells, important part of immune system

Tactile cells-picks up sensory information, part of nervous system, found where the epidermis and dermis meet

Question 5

Layers of the Epidermis

Answer 5

come lets get sun burnt
corneum- dead skin cells,keratin and proteins accumulate and help protect skin
lucidum- dead keratinocytes, found only in thick skin,only in feet and hands
granulosum- keratinization- cells fill with keratin and become flat
spinosum- has dendritic cells, start to produce keratin
basale- cell division, attached to dermis.

Question 6

Dermis

Answer 6

made up of strong flexible connective tissue, contains fibroblasts, macrophages, and sometimes white blood cells

Question 7

Upper layer of the Dermis

Answer 7

papillary dermis, areolar connective tissue, collagen and elastic fibers form a loosely woven mat, allows WBC and macrophages to demolish bacteria, nerve endings (pain and touch receptors)

Question 8

Lower layer of dermis

Answer 8

reticular dermis, dense irregular connective tissue, collagen fibers provide strength, what makes up 80% of the dermis thickness.

Question 9

Eccrine Sweat Gland

Answer 9

temp control and antibacterial properties, exists at skin surface, found everywhere especially palms, soles and forehead

Question 10

Sebaceous (oil) Gland

Answer 10

usually part of hair follicle, found everywhere except palms and feet, lubricates skin and hair, prevents water loss, antibacterial properties

Question 11

Apocrine Sweat Glands

Answer 11

secrete into hair follicle, armpit and pubic areas, upper part of hair follicle, smelly secretions

Question 12

Hair follicle

Answer 12

formed when cells sink down into the stratum basale,

arrector pili muscle - traps layer of hair against the skin, arrector pili muscle pulls hair into upright position, squeezes out secrtetion, smooth muscle,