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AqTech > Topic 4D > Flashcards

Topic 4D Flashcards

1
Q

Lay egg/Live young:

Oviparity

A

Egg-laying

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2
Q

Lay egg/Live young:

Viviparity

A

Live young

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3
Q

Lay egg/Live young: Ovoviviparity

A

Live young

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4
Q

Internal/External fertilisation:

Oviparity

A

Internal fertilisation: male fertilise eggs inside female

External fertilisation: female spawn eggs + male fertilise eggs in water column

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5
Q

Internal/External fertilisation: Ovoviviparity

A

Internal fertilisation

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6
Q

nternal/External fertilisation: Viviparity

A

Internal fertilisation

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7
Q

Embryo development: Oviparity

A

Outside female’s body

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8
Q

Embryo development: Viviparity

A

Inside female’s body

- Nutrients via umbilical cord & placenta

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9
Q

Embryo development: Ovoviviparity

A

Inside female’s body

- Nutrient via yolk sac

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10
Q

Parental care: Oviparity

A

dont have

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11
Q

Parental care: Viviparity

A

yes

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12
Q

Parental care: Ovoviviparity

A

Yes

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13
Q

Energy cost: Oviparity

A

Less

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14
Q

Energy cost: Viviparity

A

More (gestation)

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15
Q

Energy cost: Ovoviviparity

A

More

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16
Q

Intrauterine cannibalism

A
  • First hatched individuals eat siblings in embryonic phase within the mother’s uterus
  • First hatched pub = strongest genetics
  • ↑ nutrition intake, growth rate, survival rate
  • reduce comp
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17
Q

Iteroparity

A
  • Continuous reproduction throughout lifetime

- Varies in successful spawning

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18
Q

Semelparity

A
  • Single spawn before death
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19
Q

Type of parental care

A
  1. Construction/maintaining the nest
  2. Burying eggs once deposited
  3. Chasing away potential predators
  4. Fanning eggs (to clean & provide oxygen)
  5. Removing dead eggs
  6. Carrying eggs
  7. Coiling around eggs to prevent desiccation (prevent moisture removal)
  8. Retrieving nomads
  9. Accompanying fry to forage
  10. Provide first foods (mucus)
  11. Teach feeding techniques
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20
Q

Types of breeders

A
  1. Non-guarders
  2. Guarders
  3. Bearers
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21
Q

Types of non-guarders

A
  1. Pelagic spawners
  2. Coarse-bottom spawners (pelagic)
  3. Coarse-bottom spawners (benthic)
  4. Non-obligatory plant spawners
  5. Obligatory plant spawners
  6. Sand Spawners
  7. Brood hiders
  8. Benthic spawners
  9. Cave spawners
  10. Spawners on/in veterbrates
  11. Beach spawners
  12. Annual fish
22
Q

Types of guarders

A
  1. Rock spawners
  2. Plant spawners
  3. Terrestial spawners
  4. Pelagic spawners
  5. Rock & gravel nesters
  6. Sand nesters
  7. Bubble nesters
  8. Hole nesters
  9. Miscellaneous material nesters
  10. Anemone nesters
23
Q

Parental care of

  1. Non-guarders
  2. Guarders
  3. Bearers
A
  1. 0 parental care
  2. Parental care given
  3. Retain eggs in body & birth them live
24
Q

Pelagic spawners

non-guarders

A

Non-adhesive, Scatter in water

25
Q

Coarse-bottom spawners

non-guarders

A

Pelagic –> deposit on rock/gravel, become buoyant & carried away
benthic –> deposit on rock/gravel, embryo & larvae develops here

26
Q

Non-obligatory plant spawners

non-guarders

A

Submerged plants/other items

27
Q

Obligatory plant spawners

non-guarders

A

Deposited with adhesive mbn, sticks to submerged, live/dead, aquatic/recently flooded terrestial plants, logs, branches, NEVER on the bottom

28
Q

Sand spawners

non-guarders

A

Sand surface

29
Q

Brood hiders

non-guarders

A

Build nest with some protection

30
Q

Benthic spawners

non-guarders

A

In natural or constructed places

31
Q

Cave spawners

non-guarders

A

Adhesive eggs, crevices/pores –> eggs can roll & be hidden –> not eaten by parents/cave inhabitants

32
Q

Spawners on/in invertebrates

non-guarders

A

Oviduct to deposit eggs & hide them in gill chambers of bivalves/crabs –> Male chooses the hosts

33
Q

Beach spawners

non-guarders

A

Deposited into sand during low tide, eggs incubated in damp sad, returning high tide wash back to sea

34
Q

Annual fish

non-guarders

A

Deposit eggs in bottom soil, sand, mud & survive several months of dry season. Upon hydration, embryos hatch and grow rapidly

35
Q

Rock spawners

guarders

A

Attached on rock surfaces; male guards & fan eggs

36
Q

Plant spawners

guarders

A

Attached to submerged plants; male guards & fan eggs

37
Q

Terrestrial spawners

guarders

A

Attached during spawning, male & female leap out & cling upside down to chosen substrate. Embryos hatch & drop into water

38
Q

Pelagic spawners

guarders

A

Clusters of non-adhesive & buoyant eggs; deposited on surface of water in openings b/w vegetation in the shallows

39
Q

Rock & gravel nesters

guarders

A

Single layer/multilayer clutches; cleaned areas of rocks/pits dug in gravel

40
Q

Sand nesters

guarders

A

Above or on soft muddy bottom; male guards eggs

41
Q

Bubble nesters

guarders

A

Build froth (mucus-covered bubbles) nest; male guards eggs

42
Q

Hole nesters

guarders

A

Deposited on clean area of undersurface of flat stones; male guards eggs

43
Q

Miscellaneous material nesters

guarders

A

Not particular about nest building materials & substrates

44
Q

Anemone nesters

guarders

A

Nest under active protection of tentacles of sea anemones; Both parent guard & fan eggs

45
Q

Types of bearers

A
  1. Transfer brooders
  2. Forehead brooders
  3. Mouth brooders
  4. Gill chamber brooders
  5. Skin brooders
  6. Pouch brooders
46
Q

Transfer brooders (bearer)

A

Adhesive eggs released into a ‘basket’ formed by cupped ventral fins

47
Q

Forehead brooders (bearer)

A

Cluster of eggs attached by thread looped through hook; carry on forehead

48
Q

Mouth brooders (bearer)

A

Eggs incubated in buccal cavity

49
Q

Gill chamber brooders (bearer)

A

May be derived from mouth brooders; eggs incubated in their gill chambers

50
Q

Skin brooders (bearer)

A

Eggs attached to ventral surface

51
Q

Pouch brooders (bearer)

A

Eggs enveloped by special transformed structure/modified skin

AqTech (11 decks)

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