Topic 46 - Pyoderma. Demodicosis. Fungal dermatopathies Flashcards
Pyoderma, definition
Common pyogenic bacterial infection that is always secondary to something else. It causes the overgrowth of the normal sking flora
Common causes for pyoderma:
- Coagulase positive staphylococci (the owener)
- Staphylococcus pseudointermedius
- Staphylococcus aureus
- Staphylococcus schleiferi - Coagulase negative staphylococci micrococci
How many types of pyoderma are there? Name them
Which is more common?
3
- Surface pyoderma:
- Superficial pyoderma:
- Deep pyoderma:
More common: Superficial pyoderma
Name the undertypes of surface pyoderma:
Hotspot
Intertrigo/skin fold pyoderma
Name the undertypes of superficial pyoderma:
Impetigo
Folliculitis
Name the undertypes of deep pyoderma:
- Muzzle, chin folliculitis and furunculosis
- Nasal pyoderma
- Interdigital pyoderma
- Pressure point pyoderma
- German sheperd pyoderma (GSP)
- Pyotraumatic folliculitis
- Generalised deep folloculitis, furunculosis, cellulitis
Structures involved in surface pyoderma:
Superficial statum corneum
Structures involved in superficial pyoderma:
To the hair follicles
Structures involved in deep pyoderma:
Dermis and subcutis
Hot spot pyderma
Causative agent
Clinical signs
Treatment
Causative agent: Fleas
Clinical signs: Pruritus, erythematous, superficial skin lesions caused by self-trauma (scratch, lick, chew)
Treatment: Eliminate the underlying cause bu clipping hair, using disinfecting/drying shampoo, short term corticosteroids, topical antibiotics
!!! Especially seen in long-haired coat animals in hot, humid weather
Skin fold pyoderma
Definition:
Occurence:
Treatment:
Definition: Common bacterial skin infection that occur in dogs due to anatomical defects of excessive skin folds
Occurence: Warm/humid, dark environments and self trauma contributes to it
Treatment: Weight loss program for obese animals, cleaning/disinfection of skin fold or surgical excision of the folds/amputation of the tail
Predisposition for skin fold pyoderma:
Breeds/areas
Breed: Shar pei + brachycephalic dogs
Areas: Tail folds (corkscrew tail)
Lip folds (cocker)
Vuvlar folds in dogs with small recessed folds (spayed to early or obese dogs)
Trunk or leg folds
Impetigo
Occurence, age/species:
Causative agent:
Clinical signs:
Diagnosing tests:
Treatment:
Occurence, age/species: Young puppies, before puberty (8-10 months)
Causative agent: Poor nutrition, ectoparasistes, unhygienic environment
Clinical signs: may be asymptomatic. They are non-painful and non-pruritic
Diagnosing tests: Cytology from pastule, impression smear
Treatment: Wash with antibacterial shampoo every 2-4 days for 2 weeks. NEVER USE CORTICOSTEROIDS
Superficial folliculitis
Occurence, age/breed:
Causative agent:
Treatment:
Occurence, age/breed: Any age, but more common in younger dogs
Causative agent: Pssibly secondary to endocrine disorders
Treatment: Antibacterial drugs for 3 weeks. NEVER USE CORTICOSTEROIDS
Description of deep pyoderma:
Causative bacteria:
Clinical signs:
Lesions:
Causative bacteria: Staphylococcus pseudointermedia, might be other bacterias too: Pseudomonas, E.coli.
Clinical signs: Papules, pustules, cellulitis, alopecia, erosions, ulcers, crusts
Lesions: they are painful and pruritic, maonly trunk and pressure points
If septic: can also see fever, anorexia, depression
Muzzle, chin follicultisi and furunculosis
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Great danes, boxers, dobbermanns, hungarian vizsla
Clinical signs: Bloody crusts
Treatment: Systemic and topical antibiotics
Nasal pyoderma
Occurence, breed/age:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Doliocephalic breeds
Treatment: Systemic antibiotics (6 weeks as base, then until clinical signs stop, and then 2 more weeks), topical antibiotics can also be used
Interdigital pyoderma
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Short haired breeds
Clinical signs: Paws are swollen and painfull with pus, alopecia due to licking, Paronychia
Chronic case: nodules, ulceration, fistulas
Treatment: Treat underlying cause, drainage, systemic antibiotics
Paronychia = inflammation of skin aorund tail
Pressure point pyoderma
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Treatment:
Occurence, breed/age: Large breed dogs, from laying down on elbows, hocks, etc. Rare in cats
Clinical signs: Callus (thickened skin), with repeatued trauma ot becomes furuncolosis
Treatment: Treat the underlying cause and antibiotics.
German sheperd pyoderma
Underlying causes:
Areas we can see pyoderma:
Clinical signs:
Treament:
Underlying causes: Immunodeficiency, atopic dermatitis, food allergy
Areas we can see pyoderma: Inguinal area, flank, gluetal region, ventral abdomen, thighs
Clinical signs: Papules, pustules, hyperpigmentation, alopecia
Treament: 3 months of antibiotics
Pyotraumatic folliculitis
Occurence, breed/age:
Clinical signs:
Occurence, breed/age: Golden/labrador retrievers, St.Bernard, Rottweilers
Clinical signs: Similar to hot spot
No response to cleaning or corticosteroids
Generalised deep folliculitis
Areas of clinical signs:
Treament:
= most severe type of pyoderma
Areas of clinical signs: mainly trunk and ventral abdomen
Treament: Long term antibiotic given IV, whirlpool bathing, immunistimulant and treat underlying cause
Immunostimulant = levamisole
Differential diagnosis of deep pyoderma:
- Juvenile pustular dermatitis
- Juvenile cellulitis
Juvenile pustular dermatitis:
Acne seen in hunting dogs due to trauma of the hair shaft, causing inflammation
