Topic 14 - Infectious enteritis in dogs and cats

Question 1

Causes for infectious enteritis:

Answer 1

Virus
Bacteria
Fungus
Parasites

Question 2

Viral infectious enteritis:

Answer 2

1. Canine parvoviral enteritis
2. Feline parvoviral enteritis
3. Canine coronaviral enteritis
4. Feline viral enteropathies

Question 3

Bacterial infectious enteritis:

Answer 3

1. Campylobacter
2. Salmonella
3. Clostridium - Acute haemorrhagic diarrhoea syndrome
4. E.coli

Question 4

Parasitic infectious enteritis

Answer 4

Isospora
Giardia
Roundworm

Question 5

Canine parvovirus

Answer 5

Severe, extremely infectious disease with high mortality in non-vaccinated animals
Spread: Oral-faecal route
It is a very common disease, despite the frequent vaccinations

Question 6

Canine parvovirus, causative agent:

Answer 6

CPV - 2

Question 7

Canine parvovirus, vaccination:

Answer 7

1st vaccine at 8 weeks, booster at 16 weeks

Question 8

Canine parvovirus, predisposition:

Answer 8

6 weeks - 6 month old dogs

Prone: animal in shelters, unvaccinated, Labrador and Staffies

Question 9

Canine parvovirus, pathogenesis:

Answer 9

1. Begins in lymphoid tissue of oropharynx, thymus and mesenteric lymph nodes
2. Replication: bone marrow and intestinal crypts
3. Destruction of cells, causing collapse of villu
4. the bacteria enters the bloodstream, causing sepsis

Question 10

Canine parvovirus, clinical signs:

Answer 10

1. Severe diarrhoea: bloody
2. Sepsis, endotoxeamia
3. Death

Severity depends on: age, breed, immunity, stress, virulence strain

Question 11

Canine parvovirus, how to diagnose:

Answer 11

1. History
2. physical examination
3. CBC: every value is decreased !!
4. PCR: highly sensitive
5. US

Question 12

Canine parvovirus, treatment:

Answer 12

1. Fluid therapy: agressive !!
2. Antibiotics
3. Feeding: syringe, low fat, no fibre, digestable protein
4. Antiemetics
5. Analgesics
6. GI protectant
7. Probiotics for dysbiosis

Question 13

Feline parvovirus

Answer 13

Highly contagious, with high mortality, but rarer than canine parvovirus.

Sheds in 1-2 days, even shorter than parvo and even less time to detect it

Question 14

Feline parvovirus, causative agent:

Answer 14

FPV

Question 15

Feline parvovirus, clinical signs:

Answer 15

Acute onset

1. Anorexia, fever, depression
2. Dehydration
3. vomiting
4. haemorrhagic diarrhoea
5. thickened and painful intestinal loops
6. septicaemia

Question 16

Feline parvovirus, how to diagnose:

Answer 16

Same as canine parvovirus

Question 17

Feline parvovirus, treatment:

Answer 17

Same as canine parvovirus

Question 18

Another name for Feline parvovirus

Answer 18

Feline panleukopenia

Question 19

Canine coronaviral enteritis

Answer 19

Milder villi destructor than parvo

Question 20

Canine coronaviral enteritis, types:

Answer 20

1. Canine Coronaviral enteritis = CCoV
2. Canine Pantropic Coronaviral enteritis = CPCoV

Question 21

Canine coronaviral enteritis, clinical signs:

Answer 21

CCoV: acute, mild signs - watery mucoid diarrhoea, no fever, no leukopenia

CPVoV: more severe form

Question 22

Canine coronaviral enteritis, How to diagnose:

Answer 22

Faecal PCR

Question 23

Name specific feline viral enteropathies:

Answer 23

• Feline coronavirus, FeCoV
• Feline immunodeficiency, FIV
• Feline leukaemia virus, FLV

Question 24

Feline coronavirus

Answer 24

Subclinical or mild
Acute, watery diarrhoea in kittens
Mutation: Feline Infectious Peritonitis

Question 25

Feline immunodeficiency

Answer 25

Usually combined with secondary infectious and causes enteritis

Question 26

Feline leukaemia virus

Answer 26

Causes fatal, peracute enterocolitis and chronic diarrhoea

Question 27

Bacterial enteropathies, predispositioning factors

Answer 27

Young Stress Concurrent disorders Immunity Raw meat diet

Question 28

Bacterial enteropathies, severity

Answer 28

Depends on gut defence mechanism

Question 29

Bacterial enteropathies, clinical signs:

Answer 29

Diarrhoea can be: -absent -soft -watery mucoid -bloody

Question 30

Bacterial enteropathies, diagnosis:

Answer 30

We do PCR for **campylobacter** PCR for **clostridia bacteria** and ELISA for **clostridia toxins**

Question 31

Bacterial enteropathies, treatment:

Answer 31

Mild form: no antibiotics Severe form: Isolate and treat the issue. Isolation is important !! especially if owner is *young, old, pregnant* Do a culture and choose antibiotics

Question 32

Isospora causing enteritis

Answer 32

Seen in young, less than 1 month, due to new owners or kennels

Question 33

Isospora causing enteritis, predisposition:

Answer 33

Concurrent infection Immunocompromised

Question 34

Isospora causing enteritis, clinical signs:

Answer 34

acute, but mild, diarrhoea

Question 35

Isospora causing enteritis, treatment:

Answer 35

Trimethoprim + sulfonamide, Toltrazuril

Question 36

Giardia causing enteritis

Answer 36

Usually asymptomatic or mild, more severe in young animals

Question 37

Giardia causing enteritis, clinical signs:

Answer 37

Diarrhoea - "cowpat" shape (not watery)

Question 38

Giardia causing enteritis, diagnosis

Answer 38

faecal flotation Faecal ELISA

Question 39

Giardia causing enteritis, treatment:

Answer 39

Fenbendazole, Metronidazole (high dose)

Question 40

Roundworm causing enteritis

Answer 40

Young animals suffering from diarrhoea, fail to thrive and have potbelly

Question 41

Roundworm causing enteritis, treatment:

Answer 41

Fenbendazole, Metronidazole