Topic 4 - Regenerating Places: EQ2 Flashcards
What is the rust belt?
The concentration of problems associated with the loss of core employment and large scale de-industrialisation of manufacturing areas
When did the USA use the term rustbelt and why?
Started in the 1980s in reference to the once powerful manufacturing regions famous for steel and car production but fell into economic decline following automation global shift and increasing free trade
Where is the rust belt located?
In the north east of the USA and the states are in it are Indiana, Ohio, part of New York and Michigan
What happened to Detroit?
Cast iron stove manufacturing became Detroit top industry as well as car manufacturing however foreign competition cause profits to decline and companies had to shut down and go out of business so many became unemployed
What was the impact of declining manufacturing for Detroit?
As there are less jobs in the area people had to move out to find new or better jobs with more money which caused the population to decline and an increase in poverty. This also means there is less funding to schools and services in the area.
How does perception affect an area?
Place identity can be a source of strength for some but may leave others trapped to cut off from communities.
different people and groups of individuals such as age, social class and ethnicity have different perceptions of areas.
What are some of Silicon Valley’s most important priorities for regeneration?
High property prices
Rising living costs
Skill shortages
What are some of Detroit most important priorities for regeneration?
Economic diversification
Education
Affordable housing
Employment
What are social issues?
Group of people who felt they are being treated unfairly as they are not getting the same opportunities as other people
Such as education, housing access, employment
What were some of the reasons for the 2011 London riots and why they were so bad?
The shooting of Mike Duggan
Petty criminal
Police stop and search tactics
Poor relationships between police and black communities in Tottenham
Urban deprivation
What are the regeneration projects in Tottenham?
Tottenham is getting £28 million from the mares regeneration fund, £30 million from the council and £20 million from TfL.
This will get new public spaces in housing and an increasing transport capacity.
Tottenham Green is being re-landscapes with better lighting, pathways, surfaces and play spaces to make it a nicer area.
There will be better transport between the station and town Centre
What are the two areas that we study for 4.6?
Hackney and Kingston
What is an example of qualitative data?
Media as it takes many forms and must be used objectively and the viewpoint comes from the experience of the author
Use worksheet for data on Hackney and Kingston
.
What is Myrdal’s cumulative causation model?
A model that shows how a new industry, often a TNC, attracts employees and supporting companies
Where is Silicon Valley?
Southern part of Sam Francisco Bay
How has inward migration occurred in Silicon Valley?
Area attracts skilled workers across US due to the job opportunities
Also a significant number of international professionals, especially from Asia and Europe
How has a Low IMD occurred in Silicon Valley?
High income from job opportunities means more taxes, which can be put into services such as education and healthcare
What are some Challenges of Silicon Valley?
High Property Prices
Skill Shortages
Why are Property Prices high in Silicon Valley?
The influx of high-income earners drives up the cost of living
Median home prices are significantly higher than national averages, making it difficult for lower-income families
An average detached house in Santa Clara costs over $1 million
Why are there skill shortages in Silicon Valley?
Despite high employment rates, there are gaps in the availability of highly skilled professionals
Challenges in meeting the demands for specialised skills in tech and innovation sectors due to previous low education take-up, restrictions on ‘skilled’ immigrants and inflated living costs
What makes a region decline?
Deindustrialisation can result in unemployment, triggering the spiral of decline
Quality of life is reflected by a high index of multiple deprivation
Middlesbrough was shown to have the highest deprivation in the IMD report in 2015
What is the cycle of decline?
A negative multiplier effect which shows how a lack of industry repels employees amd supporting companies
Seem as the opposite of Myrdal’s cumulative causation model
What are the Priorities for regeneration?
Gated communities - controlled entrances and often a closed perimeter of walls and fences
Council estates - British council housing estate characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation
Commuter villages - Residents normally work elsewhere, although they live, eat and sleep in these neighbourhoods
Declining rural settlements - residents moving away due to a lack or opportunities
What is Perception?
A way of regarding, understanding and interpreting an area
Factors may be real or imagined
People can have mainly positive or negative views about their place
What social issues could lead people to have different lived experience?
Lack of education
Discrimination
Housing access
Health care access
Access to employment
Treatment/ misrepresentation by authorities
Public sector pay issues
What is Civic engagement?
Ways in which people participate in their community in order to improve the quality of life for others or to shape their community’s future
E.g. Voting
What is Political Apathy?
People unwillingly accept the conditions they live in but feel powerless to do anything
How do Levels of Engagement vary with Age groups?
There has been a decline in political engagement, especially for those aged 18-24
Pensioners have a higher political engagement
What were the 2011 London riots?
A series of riots which started in London but ended up being in other parts of the country as well
Where were the reasons for the Riots?
Petty criminality
Urban deprivation
Alienated and disaffected youth population
High youth unemployment
Government cutbacks to EMA
Increased university tuition fees
Unusually warm summer
Anger about bonuses paid to bankers
Police stop-and-search
Poor relationships between police and black community in Tottenham
What is the Economic need for regeneration?
Types of employment, unemployment, business rates, property values
What is the Environmental need for regeneration?
Derelict land, closed shops, boarded-up buildings, graffiti, population, lack of green space, transport provision
What is the social need for regeneration?
Ethnicity, access to education and healthcare, educational achievement, community facilities
What is qualitative data?
Data which is opinionated and not solely based on facts
What is quantitative data?
Data solely driven by facts and figures
