Topic 4 - Regenerating Places: EQ2

Question 1

What is the rust belt?

Answer 1

The concentration of problems associated with the loss of core employment and large scale de-industrialisation of manufacturing areas

Question 2

When did the USA use the term rustbelt and why?

Answer 2

Started in the 1980s in reference to the once powerful manufacturing regions famous for steel and car production but fell into economic decline following automation global shift and increasing free trade

Question 3

Where is the rust belt located?

Answer 3

In the north east of the USA and the states are in it are Indiana, Ohio, part of New York and Michigan

Question 4

What happened to Detroit?

Answer 4

Cast iron stove manufacturing became Detroit top industry as well as car manufacturing however foreign competition cause profits to decline and companies had to shut down and go out of business so many became unemployed

Question 5

What was the impact of declining manufacturing for Detroit?

Answer 5

As there are less jobs in the area people had to move out to find new or better jobs with more money which caused the population to decline and an increase in poverty. This also means there is less funding to schools and services in the area.

Question 6

How does perception affect an area?

Answer 6

Place identity can be a source of strength for some but may leave others trapped to cut off from communities.
different people and groups of individuals such as age, social class and ethnicity have different perceptions of areas.

Question 7

What are some of Silicon Valley’s most important priorities for regeneration?

Answer 7

High property prices
Rising living costs
Skill shortages

Question 8

What are some of Detroit most important priorities for regeneration?

Answer 8

Economic diversification
Education
Affordable housing
Employment

Question 9

What are social issues?

Answer 9

Group of people who felt they are being treated unfairly as they are not getting the same opportunities as other people
Such as education, housing access, employment

Question 10

What were some of the reasons for the 2011 London riots and why they were so bad?

Answer 10

The shooting of Mike Duggan
Petty criminal
Police stop and search tactics
Poor relationships between police and black communities in Tottenham
Urban deprivation

Question 11

What are the regeneration projects in Tottenham?

Answer 11

Tottenham is getting £28 million from the mares regeneration fund, £30 million from the council and £20 million from TfL.
This will get new public spaces in housing and an increasing transport capacity.
Tottenham Green is being re-landscapes with better lighting, pathways, surfaces and play spaces to make it a nicer area.
There will be better transport between the station and town Centre

Question 12

What are the two areas that we study for 4.6?

Answer 12

Hackney and Kingston

Question 13

What is an example of qualitative data?

Answer 13

Media as it takes many forms and must be used objectively and the viewpoint comes from the experience of the author

Question 14

Use worksheet for data on Hackney and Kingston

Answer 14

.

Question 15

What is Myrdal’s cumulative causation model?

Answer 15

A model that shows how a new industry, often a TNC, attracts employees and supporting companies

Question 16

Where is Silicon Valley?

Answer 16

Southern part of Sam Francisco Bay

Question 17

How has inward migration occurred in Silicon Valley?

Answer 17

Area attracts skilled workers across US due to the job opportunities

Also a significant number of international professionals, especially from Asia and Europe

Question 18

How has a Low IMD occurred in Silicon Valley?

Answer 18

High income from job opportunities means more taxes, which can be put into services such as education and healthcare

Question 19

What are some Challenges of Silicon Valley?

Answer 19

High Property Prices
Skill Shortages

Question 20

Why are Property Prices high in Silicon Valley?

Answer 20

The influx of high-income earners drives up the cost of living

Median home prices are significantly higher than national averages, making it difficult for lower-income families

An average detached house in Santa Clara costs over $1 million

Question 21

Why are there skill shortages in Silicon Valley?

Answer 21

Despite high employment rates, there are gaps in the availability of highly skilled professionals

Challenges in meeting the demands for specialised skills in tech and innovation sectors due to previous low education take-up, restrictions on ‘skilled’ immigrants and inflated living costs

Question 22

What makes a region decline?

Answer 22

Deindustrialisation can result in unemployment, triggering the spiral of decline

Quality of life is reflected by a high index of multiple deprivation

Middlesbrough was shown to have the highest deprivation in the IMD report in 2015

Question 23

What is the cycle of decline?

Answer 23

A negative multiplier effect which shows how a lack of industry repels employees amd supporting companies

Seem as the opposite of Myrdal’s cumulative causation model

Question 24

What are the Priorities for regeneration?

Answer 24

Gated communities - controlled entrances and often a closed perimeter of walls and fences
Council estates - British council housing estate characterised by high levels of economic and social deprivation
Commuter villages - Residents normally work elsewhere, although they live, eat and sleep in these neighbourhoods
Declining rural settlements - residents moving away due to a lack or opportunities

Question 25

What is Perception?

Answer 25

A way of regarding, understanding and interpreting an area

Factors may be real or imagined
People can have mainly positive or negative views about their place

Question 26

What social issues could lead people to have different lived experience?

Answer 26

Lack of education
Discrimination
Housing access
Health care access
Access to employment
Treatment/ misrepresentation by authorities
Public sector pay issues

Question 27

What is Civic engagement?

Answer 27

Ways in which people participate in their community in order to improve the quality of life for others or to shape their community’s future

E.g. Voting

Question 28

What is Political Apathy?

Answer 28

People unwillingly accept the conditions they live in but feel powerless to do anything

Question 29

How do Levels of Engagement vary with Age groups?

Answer 29

There has been a decline in political engagement, especially for those aged 18-24

Pensioners have a higher political engagement

Question 30

What were the 2011 London riots?

Answer 30

A series of riots which started in London but ended up being in other parts of the country as well

Question 31

Where were the reasons for the Riots?

Answer 31

Petty criminality
Urban deprivation
Alienated and disaffected youth population
High youth unemployment
Government cutbacks to EMA
Increased university tuition fees
Unusually warm summer
Anger about bonuses paid to bankers
Police stop-and-search
Poor relationships between police and black community in Tottenham

Question 32

What is the Economic need for regeneration?

Answer 32

Types of employment, unemployment, business rates, property values

Question 33

What is the Environmental need for regeneration?

Answer 33

Derelict land, closed shops, boarded-up buildings, graffiti, population, lack of green space, transport provision

Question 34

What is the social need for regeneration?

Answer 34

Ethnicity, access to education and healthcare, educational achievement, community facilities

Question 35

What is qualitative data?

Answer 35

Data which is opinionated and not solely based on facts

Question 36

What is quantitative data?

Answer 36

Data solely driven by facts and figures