Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Topic 4-Natural selection and genetic modification > Flashcards

Topic 4-Natural selection and genetic modification Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What can preveny pests reducing the yield?

A

Insecticide.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What do fertilisers do?

A

Increase the growth and yield.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some issues with genetic engineering?

A

Very expensive

Uknown consequences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many kingdoms did Carl Linnaeus’ sytem have?

A

2.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is stopping antibiotics early bad?

A

They leave some resistant bacteria that reproduce and spread which means the antibiotic will now be useless.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a common ancestor?

A

When two animals(plant) evolved form the same animal(plant).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a pest?

A

Insects can eat a crop, damage it and reduce the yield. These insects are pests.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the three domain sytem?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the process of tissue culture?

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the advantages of selective breeding?

A

You can make fish that grow quicker, not expensive, allows for a higher profit and can positively influence production of food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What did Carl Linnaeus suggest?

A

That humans were related to apes and monkeys.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is it called when artificial selection is repeated?

A

Selective breeding.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the order (oldest to youngest) of versions of humans?

A

Ardi, Lucy, Homo habilis, homo erectus and homo sapiens (us).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How can some species become resistant?

A

Genetic variation as there are always some organisms that are resistant so they breed and pass down the genes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Explain the first step of the genetic engineering of bacteria(to produce insulin).

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How can tissue culture help with medicine?

A

It can be easy to study how cells comminicate and cell cultures are needed to study viruses. Cultures of cancer cells have also been made to investigate how cancer spread and develop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is biological control?

A

Using organisms to control pests. This can also control weeds(plants that cause problems).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A
20
Q

What is evolution?

A

The gradual change in the characteristics of a species over time.

21
Q

What is tissue culture?

A

The growing of cells or tissues in a liquid containing nutrients or on a solid medium.

22
Q

How has genetic analysis changed our understanding of evolution?

A

Scientists also found examples of a new group of signle celled organisms with no nuclei. Scientists later found out that Archea genes were closer to plants and animals than of prokaryotes. Genetic analysis also showed us that all organisms apart from prokaryotes have unused sections od DNA in their genes.

23
Q

What is a callus?

A

A clump of undifferentiated cells.

24
Q

What do fertilisers contain?

A

Mineral ions such as nitrogen that the plants absorb from the soil to make healthy new cells.

25
Q

What is the downside of fertilisers?

A

If not all of it is used up some of it may get into nearby streams, rivers and lakes where it can cause pollution and cause the death of organisms in the water. It can also cause health problems for humans and animals if they drink the water.

26
Q

What is the kingdom system we use today?

A
27
Q

Explain the second step of the genetic engineering of bacteria(to produce insulin).

A
28
Q

What is artificial selection?

A

This is where humans choose certain organism because they have useful characteristics.

29
Q

What are the risks of selective breeding?

A

Alleles that might be useful in the future could disapear.

A change in condition would affect all of the organisms.

Animal welfare(some chickens have such big breasts they can hardly stand up).

Diseases can spread easily as if one is affected, they all will be.

30
Q

Name some reasons to selectively breed.

A

Disease resistance, yield, coping with certain environmental conditions, fast growth and flavour.

31
Q

What is significant about the pentadactly limb?

A
32
Q

What are the 5 stages of Darwin’s theory in order?

A

Genetic variation, environmental change, natural selection, inheritance and evolution.

33
Q

How do stone tools provide evidence for human evolution?

A

Scientists can work out the ages of different layers of rock. They then assume that a stone tool is about the same age as the layer of rock.

34
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Changing the DNA of one organism(its genome)often by inserting genes from another. This creates genetically modified organisms.

35
Q

What are the negatives of using fossils for evidence of evolution?

A

They do not show smooth changes as not all fossils have been found.

36
Q

What was his binomal naming system?

A

2 latin words are used for naming species.

37
Q

What happens in the environmental change stage?

A

Conditions in an area change, for example the lack of a resource like food causes more competition between organisms.

38
Q

Explain the fourth step of the genetic engineering of bacteria.

A
39
Q

Explain the third step of the genetic engineering of bacteria.

A
40
Q

What happens in the genetic variation stage?

A

The characteristics of individuals vary due to differences in genes.

41
Q

Why are stem cells from your own body better?

A

They will not be rejected.

42
Q

What did Darwin notice when he visited the islands?

A

That mockingbirds were different on different on different ideas so he concluded that organisms normally produced more offspring that could survive so only those best suited to the surroundings would reproduce to pass on their characteristics.

43
Q

What can producing clones through tissue culture help with?

A

Extinction.

44
Q

What is a problem with growing crop plants that make their own insecticide?

A

Insects can develop resitance. Luckily there are many different strains of Bt which produce a slightly different insecticide to prevent this.

45
Q

What are the benefits of genetic engineering?

A

Can produce insulin to treat type 1 diabetes, can produce plants that are immune to insecticides and herbicides. Yield could also be increases and quality.

46
Q

How can crop plants be modified to make them resistant to insects?

A

The genes that control the production of Bt toxin(insecticide)were introduced into plants so that all cells in the plants produce that toxin. This is good as it only affects insects that chew the plant tissues so it does not ruin the ecosytem.

Biology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions