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Biology > Topic 1-Cell structures > Flashcards

Topic 1-Cell structures Flashcards

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1
Q

Exlain the core practical on pH and enzymes.

A
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2
Q

What does the acrosome do?

A

Release enzymes that can penetrate an egg.

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3
Q

What does catalase do?

A

Break down hydrogen peroxide.

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4
Q

How do you work out the magnification of the microscope?

A

Eyepiece x objective.

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5
Q

What is the mitochondria?

A

Jelly-bean shaped structure where respiration occurs and energy is released.

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6
Q

What is the biuret test?

A

Potassium hydroxide is mixed with the solution of the food. Two drops of copper sulfate is added and if the pale blue solution goes purple then protein is present.

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7
Q

Why are enzymes useful?

A

We get energy from food and enzymes help break down food.

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8
Q

What are ribosomes?

A

Tiny round structures where new proteins are made for the cell.

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9
Q

Explain the core practical on osmosis in potato slices.

A
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10
Q

What is resolution?

A

The smallest distance between two points that can still be seen as two points.

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11
Q
A
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12
Q

Explain the practical on testing foods.

A
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13
Q

What is a gamete?

A

A sex cell.

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14
Q

What is the structure of a sperm cell?

A
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15
Q

What does starch synthase do?

A

It performs the snyhtesis of DNA from it’s monomers.

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16
Q

What are DNA plasmids?

A

Control a few functions in the cell and can transfer DNA between bacteria.

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17
Q

What colour does iodine go when in contact with startch?

A

yello/orange to blue/black.

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18
Q

What does amylase do?

A

Break down starch into small sugars such as maltose.

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19
Q

What happens if the pH is too extreme for enzymes?

A

Their active sites denature so they are no longer usefull.

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20
Q

What is the structure of a microscope?

A
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21
Q

What does denaturing mean?

A

When the enzyme will no longer be able to catalyse the reaction.

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22
Q

What is the role of the vacuole?

A

A space filled with cell sap and helps to support the cell by keeping the cell rigid.

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23
Q

What is the structure of an egg cell?

A
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24
Q

What colours does benedicts solution go when in contact with reducing sugars?

A

Light blue to green to orange to red.

25
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Proteins that function as biological catalysts. They are molecules that speed upa chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction.

26
Q

What are the different units of measurement in biology?

A
27
Q

What does smell spread by?

A

Movement of particles from area of higher concentration to area of lower concentration(diffusion).

28
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The movement of a solvent from an area of dilute solution but high concentration of solvent to an area of concentrated solution.

29
Q

What is the active site?

A

This is where the substrate of the enzyme fits. Each enzyme can only work with specific subsrates. Lock and key model.

30
Q

What is a flagellum?

A

Spins to repel the bacteria.

31
Q

What is the process of active transport?

A
32
Q

What happens when it is too hot for enzymes?

A

The enzyme will denature.

33
Q

Where is DNA polymerase found?

A

In the nucleus.

34
Q

What is the equation for rate of reaction?

A
35
Q

What forms a concentration gradient?

A

A difference between two concentrations.

36
Q

What happens when it is too cold for enzymes?

A

The enzyme will not be as efficient.

37
Q

What is cytoplasm?

A

Jelly like substance where chemical reactions happen.

38
Q

What is chromosomal DNA?

A

Loop of DNA containing most of genetic material.

39
Q

What is the ethanol emulsion test?

A

This is the test for fats and oils(lipids). The food is mixed with ethanol and shaken. This is then poured into water and shaken again, fats and oils dissolved will float to the top creating a cloudy emulsion.

40
Q

Explain the core practical on using microscopes.

A
41
Q

Where is catalase found?

A

In most cells but mainly liver cells.

42
Q

What are the differences between light and electron microscopes?

A

Light ones are used to study living cells. Electron microscopes provide higher resolution and magnification but are extremely expensive.

43
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

Controls what happens in the cell and carries genetic information.

44
Q

When is active transport used?

A

When molecules need to be transported against a concentration gradient.

45
Q

Why is active transport not a passive process?

A

It is an active process as it requires energy.

46
Q

What are villi?

A

Finger like structures that increase the surface area of the intestine for absorbtion.

47
Q

What is magnification?

A

The amount that an image is scaled up when viewed through a microscope.

48
Q

Where is starch synthase found?

A

In plants.

49
Q

What is synthesis?

A

Building larger molecules from smaller sub-units.

50
Q

How are specialised cells made?

A

Through differentiation.

51
Q

Where is amylase found?

A

In saliva and the small intestine.

52
Q

What is the role of the cell wall?

A

Made of tough cellulose to give the cell support and structure.

53
Q

How can we measure the amount of energy in food?

A

By burning it with a calorimeter.

54
Q

What do protein, lipid and starch molecules look like?

A
55
Q

What are complex carbohydrates and proteins?

A

Polymers as they are made up of monomers joined in a chain.

56
Q

What features do bacteria have?

A

Cell wall, membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNA plasmids, flagellum and DNA-chromosomal.

57
Q

What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A

Prokaryotic cells have no nucleus.

58
Q

What is a ciliated epithelial cell?

A

Cillia on the surface beat to move fluids and particles up the trachea.

Biology (6 decks)

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