Topic 4 Exam 2 Flashcards
Describe Open Loop Control vs. Closed Loop Control
Open look control - Movement control center (Brain) –> send out movement instructions –> Movement Effector (Muscles)
Closed Loop Control - Movement Control Center (Brain) –> Movement Instructions –> Movement Effectors –> PROVIDES Feedback (afferent - Sensory) (Back to brain)
Movement control center - figuring out what to do and sending it out
Movement affectors - doing the action
Open look control - one and done like throwing a dart
Closed Loop Control - adjusting feedback -reaching for light switch
What is the difference between Open Loop Control vs. Closed Loop Control?
Closed Loop Sends Afferent Feedback back to the brain after the movement effectors ( muscles)
Example: Lean to water bottle, then figure out you need to lean even further so it sends information to learn even more forward
Describe/Explain Feed-Foward control using appropriate terminology?
Sending desired state goal out and seeing what happens
Feed-Forward control - is sending out information and see what happens (is more like open look control)
Desired State - goal in mind
Feed-Forward Controller - Determines what we need to do to get our hand to get to the goal (lower)
Acuator (muscle) - ACTION to complete it
Explain an example of how feedback control would be used to perform a specific
movement
Instructions being send out and information coming back in to modify instructions
Current state of limb and what do we want to happen (Feed - Forward)
Now what is the current state compared to how we wanted it to be (Does it meet our desired state) (Feed - Back)
Feed - Back - Utilizing sensory information to make adjustments
Describe how both feed-forward and feedback control processes could be involved in motor
control for a specific movement (ex: catching a falling object)
Catching A Ball -
Feed - Forward - (Anticipation) See the ball dropping and knowing to contract so the ball doesn’t push your arm down past desired state
Feed-Back - Feedback that stretch is occurring past our desired state –> send signals to muscles to help bring arm back to desired state
What kind of feedback is responsible for the response after impact?
Sensory, Stretch Reflex, Muscle Spindles in the bicep, Joint receptors, Golgi Tendon Organs - tension being delivered
How do we determine the anticipatory command?
Based on what the current position is, how do I get to the desired state
What is an internal model? Be able to describe how it would be used for movement etc
Understanding if you move your body this way what happens
Model of skeletal system with muscles on it
Our body has learned these skills
I want to stand up –> my brain has learned to contract my legs to push myself up to stand (internal model)
What is the difference between an ‘inverse’ internal model and ‘forward’ internal model?
Desired movement goes into the inverse model
Inverse model then decides what contract etc needs to be performed to get there and predicted postion
Foward Model - apply those to the internal model - this is what should happen (result of sensory information I get back)
How does the Generalized Motor Program theory describe movement control? Include in your
answer the following terms: invariant features, parameters
How we are able to move
Set of instructions to get a muscle to move in the appropriate way for the action
Invariant features – Sequence of actions, Relative timing, Relative force
Parameters – Muscle selection, Overall duration, Overall force
Schema –Schema –rules for env. cond. & goal (group of parameters )
What is ‘motor equivalence’?
Motor behavior eqilvilant along all motor effectors
Hand Writing - crest sentence with any part of hand
Abstract representation of motor action/plan
What is the Motor Program?
Representation of a plan for movement
Determine responses to patterns of sensory information
Specifies:
Spatial features of movement
Kinematics - angles through which joints
will move
Movement dynamics – forces required to
rotate joints (torques) to produce the
movement
