Topic 4 EQ 3 Flashcards
What is the Northern Powerhouse?
Plan to make North rival to the south’s economies
Example of inequality in infrastructure between London and the North
£2959 per year per person in London is spent on infrastructure but is £5 in North
Policies in the Northern powerhouse
Electrify trains to make them faster and cheaper in cities such as Manchester.
£600 million investment is hoped to increase economic growth by £2.4 billion
Infrastructure investment to connect the industrial towns and cities in the North.
How does lack of infrastructure widen inequality?
Connectivity is key for economic growth
Road connecting Newcastle and Scotland is still a single carriage way
Why are planning laws in place?
To limit the negative impacts on the environment, economic and social
Reasons for house price rise
Single owner occupancy, longer life expectancy and a lack of housing supply
Why has it been made easier for local councils to win approval for fracking?
UK is forced to import nearly 70% of its gas since 2020 so govt regulations are being loosened to make it easier.
What are the British Geological societies estimates of meters cubed of shale gas in the North of England?
37 million m3 - national interest to invest
Oppositions to fracking
2011, drilling in Blackpool led to minor earthquakes
2015, Lancashire County was expected to approve a plan to start drilling but faced local opposition so the plans were rejected
What did Thatchers economic liberalisation policies lead too?
- London stock exchange is one of the biggest in the world
- city of London has lawyers accountant and consultants and there overall worth is over £90billion
- wealth was reinvested in the London docklands to create Canary Wharf
HSBC reaction to tighter financial regulation in London
Threatened to leave for Asia so the UK govt proposed a banking levee
Positive consequences of the Ascension 8 joining the European Union
1.2 million poles settled in towns like slough and Corby which led to fast growth.
How has Corby benefited from ascension 8 migrants ?
Corby was previously a town with an ageing population and poorly skilled workforce. As Eastern European Entrepreneurs have moved there and set up businesses such as restaurants, bakeries and constructions firms. Since 2006 property crime and anti social behaviour have halved
Example of local govt being keen to encourage investment and innovation
Since the 1970s, cities have worked with major unis to focus on commercialisation of research by ensuring the right infrastructure is set up such as broadband.
Cambridge Science park
Concerted effort to utilise its scientific expertise to increase wealth.
Opened with both startups and large TNCs such as AstraZeneca , Toshiba and Microsoft
Oxford science park
Competitively began to rival Cambridge.
Built houses and transport links to make it more affordable for academics to move there
What was the regeneration in Aylesbury ?
Waterside development project in 2003 with a scheme to replace the Bucks Herald Printing press, former police station and old county office with a theatre, and shops such as Waitrose and GBK and Nando’s
What were the benefits of the Aylesbury regeneration?
2.2% increase in footfall since 2013 during a national decrease
Resistance and delays to Aylesbury regeneration
Delayed by environmental agency due to contamination of land
Plans for new restaurant in on the development resistance by restaurants in the town centre due to loss of footfall .
Aylesbury society
What did Aylesbury society campaign for ?
Preserve some of the buildings and convert them into restraint and hotels as a result of proposals of demolition.
Different objectives on regeneration between residents and business
Local businesses want economic growth even if it means the demolition of old buildings but lock residents often have a nostalgic attachment to historic buildings.
Many people believe old buildings should not be retained as an artefact but be used as a foundation for regeneration projects
Queen Elizabeth Olympic park regeneration
Sporting complexes such as the Olympic stadium
Olympic village converted into 2800 flats
Westfield
7000 additional homes in the international quarter which encourages cycle paths and trails
TFL and FCA intend to have offices which will create 25000 jobs
UCL and London college of fashion intend to have campuses
Lower unemployment from 13% in 2012 to 9% in 2015
Powys council objectives in regeneration
- exploit the beauty of the landscape for green tourism
- build renewable energy and develop a low carbon green economy with wind and water
Problems in Powys
Skills shortage due to a lack of university places and qualifications- jobs are part of a low wage economy from agriculture and tourism
What did the Powys regeneration do?
Harness local talent and skills - 26,000 volunteers contributed £173.6 million to the local economy .
High speed broadband which reverse outmigration of young people and businesses - increase in businesses which diversify the rural economy
Powys connection programming provides funding and grants to businesses specialising in ICT
What is regeneration?
Investment in an area in the hope of cumulative causation to reduce inequalities
What is re-imaging ?
Area is sold with different advertising to change the impression of investors
What is place identity?
Using iconic and historic sites to commercially develop areas. For example , urban areas usually use Victorian identity
What is the Titanic Quarter , Belfast?
One of Europe’s largest Water front developments and uses its once famous identity of ship building and construction of the Titanic.
What is included in the Titanic quarter Belfast ?
Yellow lifting cranes iconic to Belfast’s industrial heritage
Uni campus
Titanic Belfast visitor centre where the titanic was built - a million visitors in the first year , 70% not from Northern Ireland
£105 million from additional tourism
893 jobs created
Now a Northern Irish science park with investment from Citi and Intel
Demand for property now outstrips demand
How has the rural economy shifted in focus
Towards wider rural development such as preservation of culture
Diversification - leisure , retail and hospitality
Farms can introduce shops and beds and breakfast
What is Brontë county?
Tourists visit West Yorkshire to experience the locations of the Brontë sisters books.
There are tours through the countryside of historical sites that appear in books such as wuthering heights.
Farms have diversified into wedding venues.
