Topic 4 - Cerebral Palsy Flashcards
A general term that describes a group of disorders that appear during the first few years of life and affect a child’s motor abilities.
Cerebral Palsy
Cerebral palsy disorders are caused by damage to a child’s _____ early in the course of development.
Brain
The damage related to cerebral palsy can occur during fetal development, during the _____ process or during the first months of life (typically before __ to __ years of age).
Birth
2-3 years
The ______ motor centres are primarily affected with cerebral palsy.
Higher
Cerebral palsy is not _______. However, getting the right therapies during childhood development can make a big difference in physical and emotional adaptation.
Curable
Scientists don’t completely understand all the causes of cerebral pasly, since it is a condition which is usually __________.
Congenital
For many years, doctors and researchers believed that cerebral palsy was almost exclusively caused by a ____ of ______ during the birth process.
Lack of Oxygen
Although _______ and ______ during the birth process is still the major cause of cerebral palsy, there are more other causes than originally thought.
Hypoxia
Anoxia
A possible cause of cerebral palsy is abnormal brain development before birth, resulting from genetic causes, _________ disorders or maternal _______/____ consumption.
Metabolic
Alcohol/Drug
A possible cause of cerebral palsy is disturbance to brain ___________ before birth, caused by an artery spasm or blood clot (similar to a ______ in adults), or problems with blood flow from the mother to fetus.
Circulation
Stroke
Maternal _________ during pregnancy, such as rubella, is a possible cause of cerebral palsy.
Infections
T/F - High fever in the mother during pregnancy cannot cause cerebral palsy in the fetus.
False - High fever in the mother during pregnancy CAN cause cerebral palsy in the fetus.
Severe ________ in newborns is a possible cause of cerebral palsy. It may be caused by infection, severe ________ or problems with red blood cells due to blood factor _________________ between mother and fetus.
Jaundice
Bruising
Incompatibilities
Although less common, a small percentage of cerebral palsy cases result from occurrences affecting the _____ of the very young child, for example, encephalitis, head trauma, ________ reaction or suffocation incident.
CNS
Toxicity
T/F - Most children with cerebral palsy do not have any clinically apparent problems during development in the womb.
True
If a genetic abnormality is present, it may be detected if _________ is done during pregnancy.
Screening
T/F - Problems are often immediately apparent following birth, and emerge more as the child’s motor skill development can be observed.
False - Problems are often NOT immediately apparent following birth EITHER, BUT emerge more as the child’s motor skill development can be observed.
Some factors have been identified as increasing the risk of cerebral palsy and lead to more active monitoring:
- Babies that are _________ or have a low birth weight
- Multi-fetus pregnancy
- Babies in a feet-first position (______ presentation) at the beginning of labour
- Complicated labour/delivery
Premature
Breech
Cerebral palsy ranges from mild to severe and is exclusively _____.
Motor
More complex cases that include signs and symptoms beyond motor impairments, such as ____________ disabilities, involve brain damage in addition to that of classic cerebral palsy.
Intellectual
T/F - It is typical for people with cerebral palsy to have fully normal sensation.
True
T/F - Individuals with classic cerebral palsy do not have normal intelligence profiles.
False - Individuals with classic cerebral palsy ALSO have normal intelligence profiles.
In some cases, the neurological damage produces ________, a common co-finding in cerebral palsy.
Epilepsy
What are the 3 major types of cerebral palsy?
1) Spastic
2) Athetotic
3) Ataxic
About 60% of children with cerebral palsy have the _______ type.
Spastic
Although most have some degree of _________ movement with spastic cerebral palsy, their muscles tend to be __________, and they also have spastic episodes.
Voluntary
Hypertonic
Spastic cerebral palsy can affect both legs (spastic __________), or it can affect one side of the body (spastic __________).
Paraplegia
Hemiplegia
The most common presentation of spastic cerebral palsy is when the full body is affected (spastic ____________).
Quadriplegia
About 1 in 5 people have _________ cerebral palsy, which is also referred to as extrapyramidal cerebral palsy.
Athetotic
Athetotic cerebral palsy usually affects the entire body and causes ____, bilateral ___________ movements where the limbs appear to “writhe.”
Slow
Involuntary
______ cerebral palsy is the least common of the major types and it affects _______ and coordination with a characteristic gait pattern.
Ataxic
Balance
Some children have signs and symptoms of more than one type of cerebral palsy, which may be referred to as a _____ form of the condition.
Mixed
In addition to the primary motor dysfunctions already mentioned, cerebral palsy may include:
- ____________ walking gait, with one foot/leg dragging
- Scissors gait
- Variations in muscle tone, from hypertonic (“stiff”) to hypotonic (weak or “floppy”)
- Dysarthria
- Difficulties __________/sucking
- Excessive salivation
- Tremors
- Difficulty with _________ movements and fine motor control
Asymmetrical
Swallowing
Voluntary
T/F - Cerebral palsy is a progressive condition, and health status will deteriorate over time as a result of effects of the condition.
False - Cerebral palsy is NOT a progressive condition, HOWEVER health status MAY deteriorate over time as a result of effects of the condition.
_________ _____ failure may be produced for individuals with cerebral palsy and that can create limitations in energy and capacity for activity.
Congestive Heart
___________ and arthritic changes can create higher pain levels and reduce functional ability in those with cerebral palsy.
Contracture
Individuals with severe cases of cerebral palsy may need a __________ and extensive, lifelong care.
Wheelchair
T/F - May people with mild or moderate cases of cerebral palsy require little or no special assistance for daily activities.
True
