Topic 4 - Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

A general term that describes a group of disorders that appear during the first few years of life and affect a child’s motor abilities.

Answer 1

Cerebral Palsy

Question 2

Cerebral palsy disorders are caused by damage to a child’s _____ early in the course of development.

Answer 2

Brain

Question 3

The damage related to cerebral palsy can occur during fetal development, during the _____ process or during the first months of life (typically before __ to __ years of age).

Answer 3

Birth
2-3 years

Question 4

The ______ motor centres are primarily affected with cerebral palsy.

Answer 4

Higher

Question 5

Cerebral palsy is not _______. However, getting the right therapies during childhood development can make a big difference in physical and emotional adaptation.

Answer 5

Curable

Question 6

Scientists don’t completely understand all the causes of cerebral pasly, since it is a condition which is usually __________.

Answer 6

Congenital

Question 7

For many years, doctors and researchers believed that cerebral palsy was almost exclusively caused by a ____ of ______ during the birth process.

Answer 7

Lack of Oxygen

Question 8

Although _______ and ______ during the birth process is still the major cause of cerebral palsy, there are more other causes than originally thought.

Answer 8

Hypoxia
Anoxia

Question 9

A possible cause of cerebral palsy is abnormal brain development before birth, resulting from genetic causes, _________ disorders or maternal _______/____ consumption.

Answer 9

Metabolic
Alcohol/Drug

Question 10

A possible cause of cerebral palsy is disturbance to brain ___________ before birth, caused by an artery spasm or blood clot (similar to a ______ in adults), or problems with blood flow from the mother to fetus.

Answer 10

Circulation
Stroke

Question 11

Maternal _________ during pregnancy, such as rubella, is a possible cause of cerebral palsy.

Answer 11

Infections

Question 12

T/F - High fever in the mother during pregnancy cannot cause cerebral palsy in the fetus.

Answer 12

False - High fever in the mother during pregnancy CAN cause cerebral palsy in the fetus.

Question 13

Severe ________ in newborns is a possible cause of cerebral palsy. It may be caused by infection, severe ________ or problems with red blood cells due to blood factor _________________ between mother and fetus.

Answer 13

Jaundice
Bruising
Incompatibilities

Question 14

Although less common, a small percentage of cerebral palsy cases result from occurrences affecting the _____ of the very young child, for example, encephalitis, head trauma, ________ reaction or suffocation incident.

Answer 14

CNS
Toxicity

Question 15

T/F - Most children with cerebral palsy do not have any clinically apparent problems during development in the womb.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

If a genetic abnormality is present, it may be detected if _________ is done during pregnancy.

Answer 16

Screening

Question 17

T/F - Problems are often immediately apparent following birth, and emerge more as the child’s motor skill development can be observed.

Answer 17

False - Problems are often NOT immediately apparent following birth EITHER, BUT emerge more as the child’s motor skill development can be observed.

Question 18

Some factors have been identified as increasing the risk of cerebral palsy and lead to more active monitoring:
- Babies that are _________ or have a low birth weight
- Multi-fetus pregnancy
- Babies in a feet-first position (______ presentation) at the beginning of labour
- Complicated labour/delivery

Answer 18

Premature
Breech

Question 19

Cerebral palsy ranges from mild to severe and is exclusively _____.

Answer 19

Motor

Question 20

More complex cases that include signs and symptoms beyond motor impairments, such as ____________ disabilities, involve brain damage in addition to that of classic cerebral palsy.

Answer 20

Intellectual

Question 21

T/F - It is typical for people with cerebral palsy to have fully normal sensation.

Answer 21

True

Question 22

T/F - Individuals with classic cerebral palsy do not have normal intelligence profiles.

Answer 22

False - Individuals with classic cerebral palsy ALSO have normal intelligence profiles.

Question 23

In some cases, the neurological damage produces ________, a common co-finding in cerebral palsy.

Answer 23

Epilepsy

Question 24

What are the 3 major types of cerebral palsy?

Answer 24

1) Spastic
2) Athetotic
3) Ataxic

Question 25

About 60% of children with cerebral palsy have the _______ type.

Answer 25

Spastic

Question 26

Although most have some degree of _________ movement with spastic cerebral palsy, their muscles tend to be __________, and they also have spastic episodes.

Answer 26

Voluntary
Hypertonic

Question 27

Spastic cerebral palsy can affect both legs (spastic __________), or it can affect one side of the body (spastic __________).

Answer 27

Paraplegia
Hemiplegia

Question 28

The most common presentation of spastic cerebral palsy is when the full body is affected (spastic ____________).

Answer 28

Quadriplegia

Question 29

About 1 in 5 people have _________ cerebral palsy, which is also referred to as extrapyramidal cerebral palsy.

Answer 29

Athetotic

Question 30

Athetotic cerebral palsy usually affects the entire body and causes ____, bilateral ___________ movements where the limbs appear to “writhe.”

Answer 30

Slow
Involuntary

Question 31

______ cerebral palsy is the least common of the major types and it affects _______ and coordination with a characteristic gait pattern.

Answer 31

Ataxic
Balance

Question 32

Some children have signs and symptoms of more than one type of cerebral palsy, which may be referred to as a _____ form of the condition.

Answer 32

Mixed

Question 33

In addition to the primary motor dysfunctions already mentioned, cerebral palsy may include:
- ____________ walking gait, with one foot/leg dragging
- Scissors gait
- Variations in muscle tone, from hypertonic (“stiff”) to hypotonic (weak or “floppy”)
- Dysarthria
- Difficulties __________/sucking
- Excessive salivation
- Tremors
- Difficulty with _________ movements and fine motor control

Answer 33

Asymmetrical
Swallowing
Voluntary

Question 34

T/F - Cerebral palsy is a progressive condition, and health status will deteriorate over time as a result of effects of the condition.

Answer 34

False - Cerebral palsy is NOT a progressive condition, HOWEVER health status MAY deteriorate over time as a result of effects of the condition.

Question 35

_________ _____ failure may be produced for individuals with cerebral palsy and that can create limitations in energy and capacity for activity.

Answer 35

Congestive Heart

Question 36

___________ and arthritic changes can create higher pain levels and reduce functional ability in those with cerebral palsy.

Answer 36

Contracture

Question 37

Individuals with severe cases of cerebral palsy may need a __________ and extensive, lifelong care.

Answer 37

Wheelchair

Question 38

T/F - May people with mild or moderate cases of cerebral palsy require little or no special assistance for daily activities.

Answer 38

True