Topic 17 - Urinary Pathologies

Question 1

What is the normal adult kidney about the same size as?

Answer 1

A bar of bath soap

Question 2

A disorder of the prostate gland usually associated with inflammation and a narrowed urethra. It can cause pain and burning during urination.

Answer 2

Prostatitis

Question 3

The kidneys are located on either side of the vertebral column at the level of ____ to ___.

Answer 3

T12-L3

Question 4

The ____ kidney usually sits a bit higher because the _____ kidney is pushed down somewhat by the _____.

Answer 4

Left
Right
Liver

Question 5

Blood, waste and water enter the kidney through the renal ______. Blood without waste or excess water leave the kidney through the renal ____.

Answer 5

Artery
Vein

Question 6

Excess water and toxic waste in the form of _____ leave the kidney via the ______.

Answer 6

Urine
Ureter

Question 7

Fill in the blanks for the order of structures found in the kidney:
Cortex > _______ > Papilla > _____ Calyx > _____ Calyx > Renal Pelvis > Ureter

Answer 7

Medulla
Minor
Major

Question 8

Fill in the blanks for the order of structures found in the kidney:
Glomerulus > _______ _______ > Proximal Convoluted Tubule > ____ of _____ > Distal Convoluted Tubule > __________ ____

Answer 8

Bowmans Capsule
Loop of Henle
Collecting Duct

Question 9

The basic structural and functional unit of the kidney. It is responsible for glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion. Its functions are vital to life.

Answer 9

Nephron

Question 10

Tubular ____________ involves returning substances to the blood. Tubular _________ involves eliminating substances via the urine.

Answer 10

Reabsorption
Secretion

Question 11

T/F - In humans, a normal kidney contains 800,000 to 1.5 million nephrons.

Answer 11

True

Question 12

T/F - The distal convoluted tubule allows for things to get back into the bloodstream immediately.

Answer 12

False - The PROXIMAL convoluted tubule allows for things to get back into the bloodstream immediately.

Question 13

A microscopic structure in the kidney that regulates the function of each nephron and is named for its proximity to the glomerulus.

Answer 13

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus (JGA)

Question 14

The JGA is found between the vascular pole of the renal _________ and the returning ______ convoluted tubule of the same nephron. This location is critical to its function in regulating renal blood flow and glomerular __________ rate.

Answer 14

Corpuscle
Distal
Filtration

Question 15

What is released from the JGA?

Answer 15

Renin

Question 16

When the blood pH drops too low, the kidneys must _______ hydrogen ions and ________ buffers like bicarbonate

Answer 16

Secrete
Reabsorb

Question 17

When the blood pH is increasing too much, the kidneys must ________ hydrogen ions and _______ buffers like bicarbonate.

Answer 17

Reabsorb
Secrete