Topic 4 Flashcards
abstraction
taking water out of the water table
advection
the wind-blown movement of water (as clouds)
anaerobic
decomposition
forms methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia (toxic gases)
aquaculture
The farming of marine and freshwater species which involves intervention in the rearing process to enhance production
Aquaculture Issues
Environmental impacts such as habitat loss, pollution, disease spread, and escaped species.
Aquaculture Technology
Methods like bag and rack systems, suspended culture, and recirculating systems.
Aquifers
Permeable rock containing water.
Bad and Rack System
Sustainable cultivation of shellfish using a method that allows for natural feeding.
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
Measure of oxygen required to break down organic material in water.
Biodegradation
Breakdown of organic material that uses oxygen, potentially leading to anoxic conditions.
Biotic Index
Measures pollution by assessing species tolerance and diversity.
Bottom Trawling/Dredging
Destructive fishing method that disturbs sea bottom habitats.
Current
Flow of water in a water body.
Dead Zones
Areas in water bodies with insufficient oxygen to support life.
Demand for Freshwater
Limited due to population increase, irrigation, and industrialization.
Economic Water Scarcity
Insufficient infrastructure for clean water access.
Eutrophication
Nutrient overload in water bodies leading to excessive plant growth and oxygen depletion.
Evaporation
ransformation of water from liquid to vapor.
Evapotranspiration
Combination of evaporation and plant transpiration.
Freshwater Supplies are
Limited by contamination and unsustainable abstraction.
Infiltration
Process of water entering the ground surface
Management Strategies for Fisheries
Quotas, marine protected areas, and restrictions on fishing gear.
Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)
The highest amount of fish that can be taken without depleting the population.
Percolation
Water filtering through soil.
Physical Water Scarcity
Insufficient water due to climate or over-extraction.
Red Tide Blooms
Occur in coastal eutrophication.
Sources of Freshwater Pollution
Runoff, sewage, industrial discharge.
Sources of Marine Pollution
Rivers, pipelines, and activities at sea.
Sublimation
Transformation of ice directly to vapor.
Surface Runoff
Water flowing over land after precipitation.
Water Conservation Strategies
Methods to reduce water use and waste.
