Topic 4

Question 1

abstraction

Answer 1

taking water out of the water table

Question 2

advection

Answer 2

the wind-blown movement of water (as clouds)

Question 3

anaerobic
decomposition

Answer 3

forms methane, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia (toxic gases)

Question 4

aquaculture

Answer 4

The farming of marine and freshwater species which involves intervention in the rearing process to enhance production

Question 5

Aquaculture Issues

Answer 5

Environmental impacts such as habitat loss, pollution, disease spread, and escaped species.

Question 6

Aquaculture Technology

Answer 6

Methods like bag and rack systems, suspended culture, and recirculating systems.

Question 7

Aquifers

Answer 7

Permeable rock containing water.

Question 8

Bad and Rack System

Answer 8

Sustainable cultivation of shellfish using a method that allows for natural feeding.

Question 9

Biochemical Oxygen Demand

Answer 9

Measure of oxygen required to break down organic material in water.

Question 10

Biodegradation

Answer 10

Breakdown of organic material that uses oxygen, potentially leading to anoxic conditions.

Question 11

Biotic Index

Answer 11

Measures pollution by assessing species tolerance and diversity.

Question 12

Bottom Trawling/Dredging

Answer 12

Destructive fishing method that disturbs sea bottom habitats.

Question 13

Current

Answer 13

Flow of water in a water body.

Question 14

Dead Zones

Answer 14

Areas in water bodies with insufficient oxygen to support life.

Question 15

Demand for Freshwater

Answer 15

Limited due to population increase, irrigation, and industrialization.

Question 16

Economic Water Scarcity

Answer 16

Insufficient infrastructure for clean water access.

Question 17

Eutrophication

Answer 17

Nutrient overload in water bodies leading to excessive plant growth and oxygen depletion.

Question 18

Evaporation

Answer 18

ransformation of water from liquid to vapor.

Question 19

Evapotranspiration

Answer 19

Combination of evaporation and plant transpiration.

Question 20

Freshwater Supplies are

Answer 20

Limited by contamination and unsustainable abstraction.

Question 21

Infiltration

Answer 21

Process of water entering the ground surface

Question 22

Management Strategies for Fisheries

Answer 22

Quotas, marine protected areas, and restrictions on fishing gear.

Question 23

Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY)

Answer 23

The highest amount of fish that can be taken without depleting the population.

Question 24

Percolation

Answer 24

Water filtering through soil.

Question 25

Physical Water Scarcity

Answer 25

Insufficient water due to climate or over-extraction.

Question 26

Red Tide Blooms

Answer 26

Occur in coastal eutrophication.

Question 27

Sources of Freshwater Pollution

Answer 27

Runoff, sewage, industrial discharge.

Question 28

Sources of Marine Pollution

Answer 28

Rivers, pipelines, and activities at sea.

Question 29

Sublimation

Answer 29

Transformation of ice directly to vapor.

Question 30

Surface Runoff

Answer 30

Water flowing over land after precipitation.

Question 31

Water Conservation Strategies

Answer 31

Methods to reduce water use and waste.