chapter 3

Question 1

adaptive
radiation

Answer 1

a group of closely related species that
have rapidly evolved from one common
ancestor, usually on islands where empty
niches exist

Question 2

Biodiversity

Answer 2

The total diversity of living systems. This
includes the diversity of species, habitat
diversity and genetic diversity.

Question 3

biodiversity
hotspot

Answer 3

biogeographic region that is both a
significant reservoir of biodiversity and is
threatened with destruction.

Question 4

Biogeography

Answer 4

the study of the distribution of species
and their evolution in relation to
geographical distribution

Question 5

Keystone
species

Answer 5

Keystone species maintain the structure
and integrity of an ecological community.
They have a much larger influence on the
community structure than other

Question 6

Conservation
Approaches

Answer 6

Habitat conservation, species conservation
or a mixed approach

Question 7

disjunct
distribution

Answer 7

when one species or sister species are
distributed in two very different locations,
e.g. New Zealand and Chile

Question 8

Endemic

Answer 8

native or restricted to a particular area
e.g. the Bali Starling is found only on the
island of Bali. It is endemic to Bali. It is a Bali
endemic species.

Question 9

Speciation

Answer 9

the formation of new species when populations of a species become isolated and evolve differently from other populations.

Question 10

Flagship species

Answer 10

A flagship species is a charismatic and popular species used as an ambassador or symbol to raise public awareness and support for broader conservation efforts.

Question 11

Umbrella species

Answer 11

An umbrella species is a species that requires a large habitat, and by protecting that species and its habitat, many other species also benefit.