2.5

Question 1

Simpsons index

Answer 1

N= total no. of organisms in a species
n=individual organisms

Question 2

Estimating biomass

Answer 2

Using drymass through combustion and extrapolation

Question 3

Percentage frequency

Answer 3

Number of occurences divided by number of possible occurences

Question 4

Quadrats

Answer 4

used to measure abundance

Question 5

Light meter Strengths

Answer 5

Quick and easy to use, non-invasive, accurate

Question 6

Light meter weaknesses

Answer 6

Can only measure at a single point, doesn’t measure spectral quality or light direction

Question 7

Anemometer Strengths

Answer 7

Quick and easy to use, non-invasive

Question 8

Anemometer weaknesses

Answer 8

Gusty conditions can lead to large variations in data

Question 9

Oxygen-meter strengths

Answer 9

Can measure changes over time

Question 10

Oxygen-meter Weaknesses

Answer 10

can be affected by temperature and salinity

Question 11

Flow-meter Strengths

Answer 11

Provides accurate measurements

Question 12

Flow-meter weaknesses

Answer 12

Water flow can fluctuate greatly due to rainfall or ice melt

Question 13

Secchi disc

Answer 13

Turbidity

Question 14

Secchi disc strengths

Answer 14

More accurate if used in shady areas of water

Question 15

Secchi disc weaknesses

Answer 15

Sun glare and reflections reduce visibility of disc, measurements are subjective

Question 16

Soil Moisture

Answer 16

Soil moisture probe

Question 17

Soil moisture probe weaknesses

Answer 17

Time consuming, organic soil content may be burned off during heating

Question 18

Kick-sampling

Answer 18

catch freshwater organisms living in streams or rivers.

Question 19

Sweeping nets

Answer 19

used to catch small insects

Question 20

Systematic Sampling

Answer 20

Systematic sampling allows researchers to investigate the presence of certain environmental features

Question 21

Random Sampling

Answer 21

This method avoids bias by the person that is carrying out the sampling