Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > Topic 4 > Flashcards

Topic 4 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

How do species genetically differentiate

A

Babies are born with a genetic variation which gives them a competitive advantage at surviving
The ones with the mutation survive and the other don’t
Survivors breed & produce offspring with the genetic variation And the ones without die out
Soon the whole population have the genetic variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Evolution

A

Dual change in the characteristics of a species over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of humans from oldest to newest

A

Australopithecus
Homo habilis
Homo erectus
Homo sapien

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a trend from the oldest human to the newest

A

Older have small brains and big faces

Newest have big brains and small faces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the nickname for the ardipithecus

A

Lucy (is 4.4 million years old)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the trend with the oldest tools to the newest

A

They go from large and chunky to small, thin and sharp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who discovered domains and kingdoms

A

Linnaeus in 1733 classified different organisms based off similar physical traits. He the. Provided them with their binomial names
Eg Homo sapian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Who is Woese

A

In the 1970s he suggested that there were 3 domains as well as 5 kingdoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 kingdoms

A

Prokaryotes, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the 3 domains

A

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prokaryotes

Kingdom

A

Single celled with no nucleus & cell wall, it’s made of nutrition and feeds off others
Eg. Escherichia coil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Protista

Kingdom

A

Multi-cellular with a nucleus & possibly a cell wall, made of nitration and is heterotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fungi

Kingdom

A

Multi-cellular with a nucleus & a cell wall, is made of nutrition and is a self-feeder (photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Plantae

Kingdom

A

Uni-cellular with a nucleus & cell wall, made of nutrients and is a self-feeder (photosynthesis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Animalia

Kingdom

A

Uni-cellular with a nucleus and no cell wall, made of nutrition and is to consume other substances
Eg birds & horses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Archaea

Domain

A

No nucleus, circular chromosomes, there are unused sections of gene, subcellular featured aren’t present
Eg. Sulfolobus

17
Q

Bacteria

Kingdom

A

No nucleus, circular chromosome, no unused sections of genes, no subcellular features

18
Q

Eukarya

Domain

A

A nucleus is present, linear chromosomes, there are unused sections of gene, subcellular features are present
Eg. Yeast

19
Q

What is a pentadactyl limb

A

Has five fingered limbs

20
Q

Selective breeding

A

Humans select individual (animal or plant) with favourable characteristics & breed to creat off-spring with the same characteristics

21
Q

Why are plants genetically modified

A

To improve taste, greater yield, drought-resistance, frost-resistance, resistance to inspects pests, colour and size of flower

22
Q

Why are animals genetically modified

A

For more milk and eggs
To have more fat on them
Produce more wool

23
Q

Tissue culture

A

Part of a double-stranded DNA can be produced by a staggered cut using restriction enzymes
Staggered cut produces overhangs that complement together allowing complementary base pairing to occur between different DNA strands
Once in place, hydrogen bonding will occur between complementary bases & DNA ligase will catalyse the formation of phosphodiester bond between the adjacent nucleotide

24
Q

GMO

A

A plant feeder that makes plants grow at an extreme rate & gains abilities

25
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages genetically modifying salmon

A

Advantage- grows twice it’s usual size as fast, needs less food
Disadvantage- might be harmful to humans, if it escaped it would be bad

26
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages genetically modifying cotton

A

Advantages- high resistance to pest, its biodegradable

Disadvantage- toxins against pests are only effective for 150 days

27
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages genetically modifying golden rise

A

Advantage- combatting hunger and health damage

Disadvantage- may be harmful

28
Q

What is a biological control method

A

Using natural predictors to reduce the population of pests

Biology (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions