Cell Structure & Processes * topic 1 Flashcards
What is an exchange surface
Exchange surfaces are surfaces that are adapted to maximise the efficiency of gas and solute exchange across them.
What adaptations have exchange surfaces made
large surface area, thin membrane, good blood supply and good ventilation.
How many pints of air can the average human breathe in per minute?
13 pints
What are chloroplasts job
They required for photosynthesis in plants
What do ribosome do
Make protein
What type of cell are cancer cells more likely to have
Mitochondria
What cells are most likely to have the highest amount of ribosomes?
White blood cells
Pancreatic cells
Why do white blood cells need ribosomes
To make antibodies which requires protein
Why do pancreatic cells need ribosomes
To make insulin and glucagon, which control blood glucose, both cells are proteins
Why can’t red blood cells perform protein synthesis
Because they have no nucleus so don’t contain DNA which is required for protein synthesis.
This means red blood cells have a short life span
What are palisade cells filled with
Chloroplast as thier main function is photosynthesis
How have cells in the small intestine adapted
are highly folded into structures called villi to increase their surface area.
How have Alveoli and capillaries adapted
They are made up of squamous (flattened) epithelial cells to minimise diffusion distances.
What is the average lifespan of a red blood cell
120 days
Which enzyme works best at the lowest PH
Protease & are produced in the stomach which has a low pH due to stomach acid
