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Biology > Homeostasis * > Flashcards

Homeostasis * Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Where is oestrogen produced from

A

The ovaries

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2
Q

What does oestrogen do

A

controls puberty and is one of the main hormones in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.
Blocks FSH and stimulates LH

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3
Q

Where is adrenaline produced from

A

The 2 adrenal glands

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4
Q

Where are the adrenal glands in the body

A

Above the kidneys

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5
Q

What does the pancreas produce

A

Insulin and glucagon

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6
Q

What does insulin and glucagon so

A

Regales blood glucose levels

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7
Q

What do the testes produce

A

Testosterone which controls puberty and sperm production

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8
Q

What do the thyroids produce

A

Thyroxine and is found in the neck

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9
Q

What do thyroxine do

A

regulates our metabolism, heart rate and temperature.

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10
Q

What is the endocrine (hormonal)system

A

Triggers a slower response.
Uses chemical messengers that are carried by blood.
Response can be long-lasting.
Can act on large areas of the body.

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11
Q

What is in the control system

A 
Receptor cells (detect changes in the environment)
Coordination centres (process information)
Effectors (muscles or glands that bring about a response).
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12
Q

What does the central nervous system

A

Triggers rapid response.
Uses electrical signals that are carried by neurones.
Response is very short.
Acts on a very precise part of the body.

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13
Q

What are hormones

A

Chemical messagers

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14
Q

What are hormones released by

A

Endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream

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15
Q

How is the endocrine system different from the central nervous system?

A

The endocrine system coordinates the body’s response to environmental changes using chemical messengers (hormones).
The central nervous system uses electrical impulses.

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16
Q

True or false

The endocrine system triggers a faster response than the nervous system.

A

FALSE

The endocrine system triggers a slower response than the nervous system.

17
Q

What does thyroxine increase

A

The basal (resting) metabolic rate

18
Q

What is thyroxine regulated by

A

A negative feedback loop

19
Q

What happens when the concentration of thyroxine in the blood is low

A

The hypothalamus (in the bran) produces TRH

20
Q

What happens when thyroxine levels are too high

A

The production of TRH is reduced

21
Q

What are the features called that appears during puberty

A

Secondary sex characteristics

22
Q

What are the 4 key hormones that controls the mental cycle

A

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
Oestrogen
Luteinising Hormone (LH)
Progesterone

23
Q

What does FSH do

A

It is released by the pituitary gland and causes an egg in the ovary to mature.
FSH also stimulates (encourages) the production of oestrogen.

24
Q

What does LH do

A

LH is produced by the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of a mature egg on Day 14 of the menstrual cycle.
This release is called ovulation.

25
Q

What happens in the first stage (days 1-4) of the menstrual cycle

A

The uterus lining breaks down, resulting in a ‘period’.

26
Q

What happens in stage 2 (days 4-14) of the menstrual cycle

A

The uterus lining starts to build up again into a thick, spongy layer full of blood vessels.

27
Q

What happens on stage 3 (day 14) of the menstrual cycle

A

Ovulation happens. This is when an egg is released from one of the ovaries.

28
Q

What happens in stage 4 (days 15-28) of the menstrual cycle

A

The uterus lining is maintained, which means that it is now ready for the arrival of a fertilised egg (which will eventually grow into a baby). If no fertilised egg is attached to the uterus lining, the lining breaks down and the cycle begins again.

29
Q

What does it mean for an enzyme to denature

A

If conditions are not optimal enzymes will change shape & reduce their ability to catalyse metabolic reactions (chemical reactions in organisms).

30
Q

What does homeostasis regulate

A

Blood sugar levels
Carbon dioxide levels
Internal body temperature
Urea concentration water levels

Biology (14 decks)

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