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Biology > Topic 2 > Flashcards

Topic 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the parts of the brain

A

Hypothalamus, pituitary, cerebellum, medulla, cerebrum

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2
Q

What does the hypothalamus do

A

Controls temperature

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3
Q

What does the pituitary do

A

Controls growth

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4
Q

What does the cerebellum do

A

Balance

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5
Q

What does the medulla do

A

Controls breathing

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6
Q

What does the cerebrum

A

Controls voluntary muscle & movement, thinking and memory

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7
Q

What is chemotherapy

A

Drugs are injected that target fast diving cells

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8
Q

What is radiotherapy

A

High energy x-ray beams are used to target the cancerous cells

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9
Q

Mitosis

A

A type of cell division that results in 2 daughter cells each having the same number & kind of chromosomes as the parents so

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10
Q

What was the first stage of the cell cycle

A

Cell growth

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11
Q

What is the second stage of the cell cycle

A

DNA synthesis- the chromosome are now double stranded

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12
Q

What is the third stage of the cell cycle

A

Further growth occurred & the DNA is checked for error

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13
Q

What is the fourth stage of the cell cycle

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

What is the fifth stage of the cell cycle

A

The cytoplasm separate- 2 cells are formed

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15
Q

What is the sixth stage of the cell cycle

A

Temporary cell resting period or the cell stops dividing

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16
Q

What are the functions of mitosis

A

It’s essential for growth & development of multicellular organisms (eg plants)
It can take place when organisms repairs itself (eg when a broken bone heals)
It happens during asexual reproduction

17
Q

What are the 5 stages of mitosis

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

18
Q

Interphase

A

Stage 1

The cells begin to divide

19
Q

Prophase

A

Stage 2

The DNA replicates to form 2 copies of each chromosome

20
Q

Metaphase

A

Stage 3

The nuclear membrane breaks down, the chromosomes line up across the centre of the cell

21
Q

Anaphase

A

Stage 4

1 set of chromosome is pulled to each end of the cell & the nucleus divide

22
Q

Telophase

A

Stage 5

The cytoplasm & cell membrane divide to form 2 identical cells

23
Q

What does mitosis result in

A

2 genetically-identical daughter cells

Living organisms being able to increase in mass & repair damage tissue in order to stay alive

24
Q

Is mitosis sexual or asexual

A

Asexual

25
Q

What are the 2 ways animals grow

A

Cell division and cell differentiation

26
Q

What is cell differentiation

A

When a unspecialised cell becomes a specialised cell type

27
Q

Percentage change in mass= ?/? X ?

A

Percentage change in mass= final mass-starting mass
———————————- x100
Staring mass

28
Q

What does the central nervous system consist of

A

The brain and spinal cord

29
Q

What does the brain do

A

Process sensory information & controls homeostatic process

30
Q

What does the spinal cord do

A

Transmits reflexes & the connection to the peripheral nervous system

31
Q

Reflex arc

A

Reflex actions are fast & are to protect an organism from harm
Memories can be produced from painful exper

32
Q

What is the reflex arc order

A

Stimulus -> receptor -> sensory neurone -> relay neurone -> motor neurone -> effector -> response

33
Q

What is the role of a synapse

A

It is the gap between 2 neurones
An electrical impulse arrives at the axon terminal triggering a neurotransmitter chemical to be produced into the synaptic gap. It defuses across the gal. Receptors detect it triggering a new impulse to occure

34
Q

What are the 4 main parts of an eye

A

Cornea, lens, iris, retina

35
Q

The corneas adaptation and function

A

It’s transparent, fixed in place, on the outside of an eye

It helps the eye to focus & produce a clear image

36
Q

The lenses adaptation and function

A

It’s transparent, biconvex, it can change shape

It fine-tunes the image

37
Q

The Iris’ adaptation and function

A

It changes size and is coloured

Controls the amount of light entering the eye

38
Q

The retina’s adaptation and function

A

The location of rod and cone cells

It triggers electrical impulses that’s tacked to the brain for interpretation

Biology (14 decks)

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