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Democracies in Change - America > Topic 3.3 - Social and cultural changes > Flashcards

Topic 3.3 - Social and cultural changes Flashcards

1
Q

Why did the Marriage and Birth rate rise before the war?

A
  • Put of marriage during Depression
  • Wanted to marry and enjoy a brief time of married life before hundreds went to war.
  • Marriage - Rose by 1,118,000
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2
Q

How did Marriage numbers change in the years 1940-43?

A

Rose by 1,118,000

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3
Q

What did the average marrying age change between 1940-45?

A

1940 - 22

1945 - 20.1

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4
Q

How did the number of children change before the war?

A

Rose by 25%

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5
Q

How did divorce numbers change during the war years?

A

The 1930s - 1.7% rise

The 1940s - 2.4% rise

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6
Q

How did the American Population change during the war years?

A

An increased population of 6.5 million

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7
Q

According to the War Manpower Commission how many hours, a month was lost in Detroit defence plants so women could do their families laundry?

A

100,000

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8
Q

How many women delivered food coupons during the war?

A

10,000

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9
Q

What jobs did many women get during the war?

A
  • 10 thousand delivered food coupons.
  • Take lead on civil defences, recycling and coping with food rationing.
  • Grew Veg in ‘Victory Gardens’
  • Joined Women’s Land Army
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10
Q

What did women do if they had joined the Women’s land Army?

A

Worked on farms to replace men after conscription.

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11
Q

How did women’s fashion change during WW2?

A

Fashion became more austere and plain as fewer materials were allowed and cosmetics could be hard to find.

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12
Q

What did Congreewomen Mary Norton do?

A
  • Facilitate numbers of young mothers in war work.
  • Helped drive the Community Facilities Act 1941 - Providing child care facilities
  • The demand was too high and most still relied on relatives.
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13
Q

Year - Community Facilities Act

A

1941

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14
Q

What did the Community Facilities Act do?

A

Providing child care facilities for young mothers in war work.

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15
Q

What were some reasons women could have been more helpful to employers in WW2?

A

Cheaper wages

Couldn’t be conscripted

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16
Q

What did the United Electrical Workers’ Union fight for?

A
  • Equal pay.
  • By the time its case had been accepted by the War Labor Board, the conflict was over and firms said war conditions no longer applied.
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17
Q

How did newspapers encourage women to work?

A
  • Ran propaganda articles eg. Boston Herald - 20th November 1942
  • 19-year-old women operating a 10-foot crane
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18
Q

How did the numbers of working women change between 1941 - 1944?

A

1941 - 14,600,000

1944 - 19,370,000

37% of all women were working

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19
Q

By 1944, what proportion of women were working?

A

37%

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20
Q

How did the New Deal encourage the arts?

A
  • Create employment
  • Record what everyone realised was a significant and possibly unique era.
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21
Q

Which Alphabet Agency was given funding for the arts?

A

WPA

Works Progress Administration

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22
Q

Which administration commissioned photography?

A

Farm Security Administration

FSA

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23
Q

Who was the head of the photography program for FSA?

A

Roy Stryker

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24
Q

How many photographs were commissioned by the FSA?

A

80,000

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25
Q

Give four examples of key photographs during the depression?

A
  • Dorothea Lange
  • Walker Evans
  • Ben Fields
  • Arthur Rothstein
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26
Q

What was one of the most iconic images of the great depression?

A

Dorothea Lange’s - ‘Migrant Mother’

1936

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27
Q

What was the story behind the Migrant Mother Photo?

A
  • 1936
  • image of Florence Owens Thompson.
  • Worked in Pea-picking camp.
28
Q

Who was commissioned to record the lives of poor tenant farmers?

A
  • By Fortune magazine in 1936
  • Writer - James Agee
  • Photographer - Walker Evans
29
Q

What were three branches of the WPA helping media?

A
  • Farm Security Administration (photos)
  • Federal Writers Project
  • Federal Music Project
30
Q

Who led the Federal Writers Project?

A

Henry Alsbury

31
Q

How many writers were employed in the Federal Writers Project?

A

6,600

32
Q

What is the Federal Writers Project’s most famous piece?

A
  • Unchained memories
  • 2,300 first-person slave narratives.
  • 500 photographs.
33
Q

What did the Federal Music Project do?

A
  • Employed musicians to give concerts and festivals.
  • Boasting morale and positivity.
  • AND Introduce music traditions such as the blues.
  • Eg. Son House
34
Q

Why was there tension inside the Federal Music Project?

A
  • Director Dr Nikolai Sokoloff - Classical music
  • Deputy Charles Seeger - wanted to make for everyone and favoured more popular music.
35
Q

When was the Federal Music Project terminated?

A

Budget cut in 1939

Officially June 1943

36
Q

Between 1941-1944 how did the proportion of women in the workforce change?

A

22% to 32%

37
Q

Which popular actor served with distinction in the Air Force?

A

James Steward

38
Q

Which actors didn’t join the war?

A
  • John Wayne - Made exciting war movies but never joined the army
  • Dorothy Lamour - Comedy actress appeared in Bob Hopes movies
  • Marlene Dietrich - entertained troops often in combat zones
39
Q

How much did Dorothy Lamour and Bob Hope make on their movie?

A

$350 million

40
Q

How much did ‘bond blitz’ make?

A

Over $800 million

300 actors had worked 18-hours days promoting

41
Q

Who set up the Hollywood Canteen and when? And what did they do?

A

Bette Davis 1942

  • Provide free meals and entertainment for lonely servicemen.
  • Waited on or danced with glamorous movie stars for a morale booster.
42
Q

When was the Office of War Information set up? What did it do?

A

1942

  • Co-ordinate efforts to film and record wartime activities.
43
Q

What was a famous film by John Huston?

A

Report from the Aleutians (1943)

Celebrating war effort

44
Q

What was a famous film by Frank Capra?

A

Why we fight (1942-45)

Justify war through powerful attacks on enemy regimes and their brutal aggression

45
Q

What was a famous film by Lewis Seiler?

A

Guadalcanal Diary (1943)

Realistic war film not wishing to patronise audiences.

46
Q

What was a famous film by William Wyler?

A

Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (1944)

Realistic war film not wishing to patronise audiences.

47
Q

Give two examples of nostalgic and sentimental films

A

Meet me in St Louis (1944)

Yankee Doodle Dandy (1942)

48
Q

What film did George Stevens make?

A

The more the merrier (1943)

Comic view of housing shortage

49
Q

What film did Sidney Lanfeild make?

A

My favourite Blonde (1942)

Reflecting tendency to replace gangsters as the villains with Nazi Spies.

50
Q

What film presented a moral crusade and was very popular?

A

Casablanca (1942)

Nazis as the embodiment of evil and most of the other characters ambivalent until it comes to making a stand against them.

51
Q

What proportion of Disney studio workers became involved in producing training films?

A

90%

52
Q

How many feet of film and hours of footage did Disney make during WW2?

A

400,000 feet of film 68 hours of footage

53
Q

What was a very popular Disney character during WW2 and what did he play in?

A
  • Der Furhur’s Face with Donald Duck
  • Donald an oppressed worker in the vile dictatorship of Nazi Germany.
  • Won Best Animation award 1943 Oscars
54
Q

What type of radio stations were popular during WW2?

A

Escapist programs

55
Q

Give an example of a radio reporter sent to report on real-life war matters in WW2?

A

Edward R. Murrow

Blitz in London

56
Q

Give two examples of propaganda radio programs during WW2?

A

Lest We Forget (1943 - 48)

You can’t do Business with Hitler (1942)

57
Q

What was popular music like during WW2?

A

Goldern age of Swing and Jazz, ‘Crooners’ and sentimental songs.

58
Q

Who was a popular singer during WW2?

A
  • Glenn Miller
  • Unique nostalgic sound connecting troops overseas with their loved ones at home.
  • He served in the army and was killed December 1944 while flying to play a concert for troops in Paris.
59
Q

What song was written due to the attack on Pearl Harbour?

A

1941 - ‘Remember Pearl Harbour’

60
Q

What song was written due to the battle of the Philippines?

A

1942 - ‘Hats Off to MacArthur!’

61
Q

What song did the Andrew Sisters sing? What did it depict?

A

‘Don’t sit Under the Apple Tree with Anyone Else but Me’

The concern that wives and girlfriends may be unloyal.

62
Q

Which patriotic song was resurrected?

A

1918 - ‘God bless America’ - Irving Berlin

63
Q

What was a program that meant artists could entertain troops?

A

United Service Overseas (USO)

64
Q

How many concerts did USO preform between 1941-1947?

A
  • 293,738 performances
  • 161 million servicemen and women.
  • 702 different troupes were touring.
65
Q

Which artist was classed as unsuitable for military service?

A

Frank Sinatra

He became the first idol of teenagers - called ‘bobbysoxers’

66
Q

What was the nickname given to Frank Sinatra?

A

Bobbysoxers

67
Q

What did Jack Benny think of Frank Sinatra?

A
  • ‘Thought the goddamned building was going to cave in. I never heard such a commotion’
  • After 30 December 1942
  • At same venue in October 1944 - 35,000 fans were refused entrance caused a riot.

Democracies in Change - America (16 decks)

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