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Democracies in Change - America > Theme 4.3 - Cultural Change > Flashcards

Theme 4.3 - Cultural Change Flashcards

1
Q

Why did Hollywood make so many films during the cold war?

A
  • They were under investigation by the HUAC
  • They taught to prove their loyalty and increase fear of communist infiltration and spies.
  • Also fired the disloyal.
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2
Q

Why was Folger coffee adverts notorious?

A

Tried to make women feel guilty for not buying their product to please their husbands.

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3
Q

Give 3 examples of Cold War films that displayed gangsters or Nazis

A
  1. Big Jim McLain - 1952 - Edward Ludwig
  2. I married a Communist - 1950 - Robert Stevenson
  3. My Son John - 1952 - Leo McCarey
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4
Q

Give 2 examples of Hollywood films that depicted Cold War events

A
  1. George Seaton’s The Big Lift 1950 - Berlin Airlift
  2. Lewis Milestone Pork Chop Hill 1959 - Korean War.
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5
Q

Give an example of a Sci-Fi film produced by Hollywood during the Cold War

A
  • Invasion of the Body Snatchers
  • Don Siegel 1956
  • Aliens take over peoples bodies
  • Very scary
  • Original ending was not happy so had to be reshot to give people hope and optimism.
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6
Q

Give two examples of religious films shot by Hollywood during the Cold War

A
  • Quo Vadis - Mervyn Leroy’s - 1951
  • The Kobe - Henry Koster’s - 1953

Christian Bill Graham said atheism was masterminded by communists. Films show the power of religion.

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7
Q

What did Ohio Water Officials investigate in 1954?

A
  • An upsurge in water demand during random 3 minute period each evening
  • Found it correlated to commercial breaks on TV.
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8
Q

How did TV demand alter after WW2?

A
  • Television phenomenon
  • 60,000 in 1947 to 37 million by 1955.
  • 3 million sold in first 6 months of 1950
  • 1956 - $15.6 billion spent on the sale and repair of TVs
  • 1954 introduced TV dinners.
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9
Q

Give a specific example of how TV advertising affected the American economy

A
  • Walt Disney 1955 - Davy Crockett series
  • Sales of $300,000 in tie-in merchandising
  • Include fake coonskin caps.
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10
Q

Give some specific examples of population TV following WW2

A
  • 1/2 population saw Mary Martin take the air as Peter Pan in 1955.
  • 50 million regularly watched I love lucy. - Lucille Ball broke stereotype as she performed and directed - contract $8 million. - dizzy blonde
  • Leave it to Beaver - parents always right
  • Donna Reed Show - housewife, good sense and quiet manner
  • Film actors recruited - Loretta Young and Ray Milland
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11
Q

How did the journalist and broadcaster Edward R. Morrow affect culture?

A
  • Show TV not only for entertainment
  • Documentary series See it Now
  • Said TV would become ‘opiate of the masses’
  • Reinstated USAAF lieutenant who was forced to resign do to his families political beliefs.
  • Exposed Joesph McCarthy as bully with little evidence
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12
Q

Name two periodicals aimed at women

A
  • Ladies Home Journal - However, ran ‘How Americans live’ series showing ethnic and class mixes.
  • McCalls - 1954 Mrs Dale Carnegie said there was no room for split-level thinking in a happy home.

Articles on cooking, fashion, homecare and how to keep a husband happy.

Enforced the stereotypes of women in the home.

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13
Q

What did the magazine Redbook run in 1960?

A
  • $500 prize competition
  • Invited readers to write on ‘ Why You Feel Trapped’
  • 24,000 entries

Although many women may have accepted the largest domestic role many said to be frustrated or not fulfilled by this.

Seeds were sown for the women liberation movement.

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14
Q

What did feminist Betty Friedman conduct a study on and what were her results?

A
  • graduate at the exclusively female Smith College in 1957
  • 89% were homemakers.
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15
Q

How did the proportion of women in the workforce change?

A
  • 33.8% in 1950
  • 37.8% at end of 50s
  • Married women in work - 36% in 1940 to 60% in 1960

Believed to sauce the new culture of consumerism and buying the lastest model.

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16
Q

Give examples of films that displayed women’s jobs as homemaker and mother

A
  • John Farrow’s Hondo 1953
  • Charles Walters The tender trap 1955
  • Joshua Logan’s Bus Stop 1956 - taming women.
  • John Fords The Quite Man 1952 - used notorius fiery female leads as supporting characters.
17
Q

Give examples of leading female actors

A
  • Bette Davis
  • Elizabeth Taylor - George Stevens Giant + Richard Brooks Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
  • Joan Crawford

Played assertive and dominant roles.

  • Alfred Hitchcock created memorable female characters who aspired to more than domesticity.
18
Q

Give examples of the stereotyping of Black Americans within media

A
  • Stepin Fetchit played comic buffoon ‘mammy’ who was shown as ‘laziest man in the world.
  • Normally only as a caricature or a servant
  • Black sitcom Amos ‘n’ Andy cancelled - NAACP fought against. As they were depicted as indolent, stupid and cunning.
  • NAACP also succeeded in removal of blackface scenes - Eg. Busby Kerkeleys Babes in Arms 1939.
  • 1967 - Julia began.
19
Q

What proportion of the population was young?

A
  1. 6% under 24 1950
  2. 5% in 1960.

So market to cater for their common interest and concerns. Wanting to look and act differently from their parents.

20
Q

Give a statistic explaining teen violence

A

New York teenage murders rose 26% in 1956.

21
Q

What were some ways to explain teen delinquency?

A
  • The seduction of the innocent - comic book exposure.
  • Poor role models - Laszlo Benedeks movie - The Wild One and Nicholas Rays Rebel without a cause.
  • Too many parents out at work so could not exercise enough control.
22
Q

Give statistics of the reality of teenage behaviour

A
  • 1/10 teenagers in LA actually in a violent gang.
  • >1% nationally held criminal charges
  • Although some started to listen to the new and rebellious rock n roll.
  • Most continued with - Placid, sedate music of crooners eg. Pat Boone, Perry Como and Rosemary Clooney
  • 1953 biggest hit Patti Page - ‘How much is that Doggie in the Window?’
  • 1951 - publication the catcher in the Rye - any rebellion was short lived.
  • 1/5 boys drafted into armed forces learning discipline and traditional values
  • Average marriage age reduced 1940 21.5 to 20.3

Democracies in Change - America (16 decks)

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