Topic 3 ~ Rocks And Resources

Question 1

Density, Volume and Mass:

Answer 1

Density = mass/volume

Volume: is how much space an object takes up. To find the volume you measure the length x height x width.

Mass: Mass never changes even if the gravity does. Mass is usually measured in grams or kilograms.

Question 2

Features of Common Minerals:

Answer 2

Lustre: How much the surface reflects light. E.g. Opaque (cannot see through), translucent (a bit of light), transparent (see-through), vitreous (like glass), Adamantine (cannot be broken).

Colour: The colour of the mineral

Crystal shape and size: E.g. large, fine, specks

Streak: The colour of the mineral in powdered form. E.g. White, orange

Hardness: E.g. 1/10, 2/10, 3/10, 4/10, 5/10, etc.

Additional Properties: E.g Rough, smooth, flat, shiny

Question 3

Magma to Igneous Rock

Answer 3

Cooling

Question 4

Igneous To Metamorphic
And
Sedimentary to Metamorphic

Answer 4

Heat and Pressure

Question 5

Metamorphic To Magma
And
Igneous To Magma

Answer 5

Melting

Question 6

Metamorphic To sediments
And
Sedimentary To sediments

Answer 6

Weathering and erosion

Question 7

Sediments To sedimentary

Answer 7

Compaction and Cementation

Question 8

Physical Difference of Igneous Rocks and Why this occurs:

Answer 8

Igneous rocks come from molten lava in volcanoes. Basalt, obsidian and volcanic glass forms by quick cooling on the surface. These rocks have small, specks of crystals. Granite is formed by slow cooling underground and has larger crystals.

Question 9

Physical Difference of Metamorphic Rocks and Why this occurs:

Answer 9

Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have changed. These rocks were originally igneous or sedimentary rocks but due to movement of the earths crust were changed. When the earths crust moves it causes the rocks to get squeezed so hard that the heat causes the rock to change. E.g. Marble.

Question 10

Physical Difference of Sedimentary Rocks and Why this occurs:

Answer 10

Sedimentary rocks are made when rocks are worn away due to weathering and erosion. These sediments then end up in water streams and settle to the bottom. Over many years layers of sand, mud and other rock sediments get compacted together and form sedimentary rocks. E.g. Shale and sandstone.