Topic 3 Part B Flashcards
If the SA node is non-functional, which of the following is most likely to occur?
A) the heart will go into asystole ( stop)
B) tachycardia will develop
C) another portion of the heart will become the pacemaker
D) the heart will go into fibrillation
E) the heart will be desensitized
A) the heart will go into asystole ( stop)
B) tachycardia will develop
C) another portion of the heart will become the pacemaker*
D) the heart will go into fibrillation
E) the heart will be desensitized
Which of the following layers forms the bulk of the heart wall? a) epicardium B) pericardium C) endocardium D) myocardium E) visceral pericardium
a) epicardium B) pericardium C) endocardium D) myocardium * E) visceral pericardium
Which of the following phrases would apply to cardiac muscle cells.
a) are organised in parallel columns or bundles
b) contain actin but no myosin
c) develop a significant oxygen debt during systole
d) are multinucleated like skeletal muscle cells
E) possess special cell to cell contacts called intercalated discs
a) are organised in parallel columns or bundles
b) contain actin but no myosin
c) develop a significant oxygen debt during systole
d) are multinucleated like skeletal muscle cells
e) possess special cell to cell contacts called intercalated discs*
Cardiac muscle cells
a) have smooth ER but no T tubules
b) form the heart valves
c) are maintained by an extensive capillary network
d) develop a significant oxygen debt during systole
e) do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle cells
a) have smooth ER but no T tubules
b) form the heart valves
c) are maintained by an extensive capillary network *
d) develop a significant oxygen debt during systole
e) do not contain actin and myosin like skeletal muscle cells
The volume of blood pumped during each cardiac cycle is the
a) stroke volume
b) cardiac output
c) cardiac reserve
d) end-systolic volume
e) end-diastolic volume
a) stroke volume *
b) cardiac output
c) cardiac reserve
d) end-systolic volume
e) end-diastolic volume
The pacemaker of the heart is the
a) right bundle branch
b) left bundle branch
c) AV node
d) SA node
e) PM node
a) right bundle branch
b) left bundle branch
c) AV node
d) SA node*
e) PM node
Blood in the superior vena cava will enter the ____.
a) aorta
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins
a) aorta
b) right atrium *
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins
The product of the stroke volume times the heart rate is known as the a) end-diastolic volume
b) end- systolic volume
c) cardiac output
d) cardiac reserve
e) venous return
a) end-diastolic volume
b) end- systolic volume
c) cardiac output *
d) cardiac reserve
e) venous return
These vessels transport blood to the right and left lungs
a) aorta
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins
a) aorta
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries *
e) pulmonary veins
The period of time in which the myocardium is insensitive to further stimulation is called the
a) absolute refractory period
b) hyperpolarization period
c) AV period
d) SA period
e) ectopic focus
a) absolute refractory period *
b) hyperpolarization period
c) AV period
d) SA period
e) ectopic focus
The long refractory period observed in cardiac muscle
a) prolonged depolarization of the cardiac muscle
b) prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle
c) ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract
d) prevents the heart rate from slowing down
e) prevents an increase in heart rate
a) prolonged depolarization of the cardiac muscle
b) prevents tetanic contractions of the cardiac muscle *
c) ensures that the heart has adequate time to contract
d) prevents the heart rate from slowing down
e) prevents an increase in heart rate
Blood vessels enter and exit from the _____ of the heart
a) apex
b) base
c) auricles
d) trigone
e) inferior aspect
a) apex
b) base *
c) auricles
d) trigone
e) inferior aspect
Which of the following will increase the heart rate?
a) a rising in pH
b) an increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood
c) an increase in the level of blood oxygen
d) an increase in blood pressure
e) a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood
a) a rising in pH
b) an increase in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood *
c) an increase in the level of blood oxygen
d) an increase in blood pressure
e) a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the blood
An incompetent mitral valve may cause blood to back up into the
a) aorta
b) left atrium
c) left ventricle
d) coronary circulation
e) right atrium
a) aorta
b) left atrium *
c) left ventricle
d) coronary circulation
e) right atrium
This blood vessel carries blood from the left ventricle
a) aorta
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins
a) aorta *
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins
The cardioregulatory center of the brain is located in the
a) hypothalamus
b) medulla oblongata
c) cerebellum
d) cerebrum
e) diencephalons
a) hypothalamus
b) medulla oblongata *
c) cerebellum
d) cerebrum
e) diencephalons
Contraction of the papillary muscle would
a) eject blood from the ventricles
b) prevent the AV valves from protruding into the atria
c) close the semilunar valves
d) cause the atria to eject their contents into the ventricles
e) open the semilunar valve
a) eject blood from the ventricles
b) prevent the AV valves from protruding into the atria *
c) close the semilunar valves
d) cause the atria to eject their contents into the ventricles
e) open the semilunar valve
Ventricular contraction begins at the
a) AV bundle
b) apex of the heart
c) base of the heart
d) superior portion of that intraventricular septum
e) top of the ventricles
a) AV bundle
b) apex of the heart *
c) base of the heart
d) superior portion of that intraventricular septum
e) top of the ventricles
If the cardiac muscle cells are unable to repolarize, this would cause
a) cardiac output to increase
b) no harm. These cells can spontaneously depolarize anyway
c) the heart rate to decrease. it might cause cardiac arrest
d) an increased demand on mitochondria to produce more ATP
e) tachycardia
a) cardiac output to increase
b) no harm. These cells can spontaneously depolarize anyway
c) the heart rate to decrease. it might cause cardiac arrest *
d) an increased demand on mitochondria to produce more ATP
e) tachycardia
Blood in the pulmonary vein returns to the
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle
e) coronary sinus
a) right atrium
b) left atrium *
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle
e) coronary sinus
Blood returning to the heart from the systemic circuit first enters the
a) right atrium
b) right ventricle
c) left atrium
d) left ventricle
e) conus arteriosus
a) right atrium *
b) right ventricle
c) left atrium
d) left ventricle
e) conus arteriosus
Chemoreceptors sensitive to blood carbon dioxide levels are primarily located in the
a) renal arteries
b) carotid arteries
c) right atrium
d) left ventricle
e) jugular veins
a) renal arteries
b) carotid arteries *
c) right atrium
d) left ventricle
e) jugular veins
An incompetent pulmonary semilunar valve could result in less blood reaching the
a) lungs
b) heart muscle
c) right ventricle
d) aorta
e) right atrium
a) lungs *
b) heart muscle
c) right ventricle
d) aorta
e) right atrium
The AV valve that is located on the same side of the heart as the origin of the aorta is the
a) bicuspid or mitral valve
b) tricuspid valve
c) aortic semilunar valve
d) pulmonary semilunar valve
e) coronary sinus valve
a) bicuspid or mitral valve *
b) tricuspid valve
c) aortic semilunar valve
d) pulmonary semilunar valve
e) coronary sinus valve
The tricuspid valve is closed
a) during active feeling of the ventricles
b) when the mitral valve is open
c) while the atria are contracting
d) during ejection
e) during passive feeling of the ventricles
a) during active feeling of the ventricles
b) when the mitral valve is open
c) while the atria are contracting
d) during ejection *
e) during passive feeling of the ventricles
The chamber of the heart that endures the highest pressure is the
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle
e) coronary sinus
a) right atrium
b) left atrium
c) right ventricle
d) left ventricle *
e) coronary sinus
The P wave of an ECG indicates
a) atrial depolarization
b) atrial repolarization
c) ventricular depolarization
d) ventricular repolarization
e) threshold
a) atrial depolarization *
b) atrial repolarization
c) ventricular depolarization
d) ventricular repolarization
e) threshold
Which of the following is true
a) blood enters the right and left atria only during diastole
b) most ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract
c) during ventricular systole, the AV valves open
d) the semilunar valves remain closed throughout ventricular systole
e) most of end-diastolic volume comes from active filling
a) blood enters the right and left atria only during diastole
b) most ventricular filling occurs before the atria contract *
c) during ventricular systole, the AV valves open
d) the semilunar valves remain closed throughout ventricular systole
e) most of end-diastolic volume comes from active filling
In a normal electrocardiogram, the
a) P wave results from repolarization of the atria
b) QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization
c) P wave occurs after the QRS complex but before the T-wave
d) T-wave represents depolarization of the atria
e) repolarization of the atria is clearly visible
a) P wave results from repolarization of the atria
b) QRS complex results from ventricular depolarization *
c) P wave occurs after the QRS complex but before the T-wave
d) T-wave represents depolarization of the atria
e) repolarization of the atria is clearly visible
Which of the following factors would cause an increase in heart rate?
a) increased parasympathetic stimulation
b) stimulation of baroreceptors in the aorta
c) increased epinephrine (adrenalin) released from the adrenal medulla d) increased production of atrial natriuretic factor
e) vagal stimulation
a) increased parasympathetic stimulation
b) stimulation of baroreceptors in the aorta
c) increased epinephrine (adrenalin) released from the adrenal medulla*
d) increased production of atrial natriuretic factor
e) vagal stimulation
Angina pectoris is chest pain caused by reduced
a) stimulation of the myocardium
b) blood supply to cardiac muscle
c) fluid in the pericardial sac
d) contractility of the heart
e) action potentials from SA node
a) stimulation of the myocardium
b) blood supply to cardiac muscle *
c) fluid in the pericardial sac
d) contractility of the heart
e) action potentials from SA node
If the heart receives more sympathetic stimulation than parasympathetic stimulation, the heart will
a) increase its rate and force of contraction
b) contract with greater force but at a slower rate
c) decrease both its rate and force of contraction
d) contract with less force but at a faster rate
e) decrease rate, but increase force of contraction
a) increase its rate and force of contraction *
b) contract with greater force but at a slower rate
c) decrease both its rate and force of contraction
d) contract with less force but at a faster rate
e) decrease rate, but increase force of contraction
Coronary-artery disease can diminish myocardial blood resulting in the death of myocardial cells. This condition is known as myocardial
a) attack
b) angina
c) necrosis
d) cirrhosis
e) infarction
a) attack
b) angina
c) necrosis
d) cirrhosis
e) infarction*
The valve located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary trunk is the
a) aortic semilunar valve
b) pulmonary semilunar valve
c) tricuspid valve
d) mitral valve
e) bicuspid valve
a) aortic semilunar valve
b) pulmonary semilunar valve *
c) tricuspid valve
d) mitral valve
e) bicuspid valve
Contraction of the ventricles is referred to as ventricular
a) systole
b) diastole
c) fibrillation
d) ischemia
e) depolarization
a) systole *
b) diastole
c) fibrillation
d) ischemia
e) depolarization
Which of the following will depolarize immediately after the AV node depolarizes?
a) the AV bundle
b) Purkinje fibres
c) atrial myocardium
d) bundle branches in the ventricular septum
e) that SA node
a) the AV bundle *
b) Purkinje fibres
c) atrial myocardium
d) bundle branches in the ventricular septum
e) that SA node
In the cardiac cycle
a) the right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously
b) the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract
c) the left atrium contracts before the right atrium
d) all four chambers of the heart contract at the same time
e) all four chambers of the heart are in systole at the same time
a) the right atrium and the right ventricle contract simultaneously
b) the two atria relax while the two ventricles contract *
c) the left atrium contracts before the right atrium
d) all four chambers of the heart contract at the same time
e) all four chambers of the heart are in systole at the same time
Which of the following sequences is correct
a) AV node, AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches
b) Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, AV node, AV bundle, SA node
c) SA node,AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
d) SA node, AV bundle, AV node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
e) AV node, SA node, bundle branches, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
a) AV node, AV bundle, SA node, Purkinje fibers, bundle branches
b) Purkinje fibers, bundle branches, AV node, AV bundle, SA node
c) SA node,AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers*
d) SA node, AV bundle, AV node, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
e) AV node, SA node, bundle branches, AV bundle, Purkinje fibers
These vessels empty into the left atrium
a) aorta
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins
a) aorta
b) right atrium
c) pulmonary trunk
d) pulmonary arteries
e) pulmonary veins*
Stimulation of the heart via the sympathetic nerves would
a) decrease heart rate
b) decreased stroke volume
c) increase the force of ventricular contraction
d) increase end-systolic volume
e) not affect the heart rate and force of contraction
a) decrease heart rate
b) decreased stroke volume
c) increase the force of ventricular contraction *
d) increase end-systolic volume
e) not affect the heart rate and force of contraction
