Topic 3

Question 0

Which of the following acts as a storage for blood?
A) the aorta
B) the veins
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) the arteries

Answer 0

A) the aorta
B) the veins*
C) capillaries
D) arterioles
E) the arteries

Question 1

Vasomotor tone can be increased by?
A) taking a nap 
B) emotional excitement 
C) soaking in a warm bath tub
D) an increase in body temperature 
E) relaxing with a cup of tea

Answer 1

A) taking a nap 
B) emotional excitement *
C) soaking in a warm bath tub
D) an increase in body temperature 
E) relaxing with a cup of tea

Question 2

Continuous capillaries
A) have many thin areas called fenestrae
B) are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones
C) have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very well together
D) are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries
E) are characterized by continuous pores

Answer 2

A) have many thin areas called fenestrae
B) are freely permeable to large molecules such as hormones
C) have a wall where the endothelial cells fit very well together*
D) are more permeable then fenestrated capillaries but not as permeable as sinusoidal capillaries
E) are characterized by continuous pores

Question 3

Systemic blood vessels transport blood
A) from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium
B) from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium
C) from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium
D) from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium
E) from the left ventricle to the lungs

Answer 3

A) from the left ventricle through the body to the left atrium
B) from the left ventricle through the body to the right atrium*
C) from the right ventricle through the body to the left atrium
D) from the right ventricle through the body to the right atrium
E) from the left ventricle to the lungs

Question 4

Sympathetic nerve fibres that innervate blood vessel walls are found primarily in the
A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica adventitia
D) tunica external
E) tunica interna

Answer 4

A) tunica intima
B) tunica media*
C) tunica adventitia
D) tunica external
E) tunica interna

Question 5

The velocity of blood flow inside a blood vessel
A) is equal to the blood pressure
B) is faster in the center of the blood vessel
C) is most rapid at a bend or turn in a vessel
D) increases along the walls of the blood vessel
E) is more rapid along the sides of the vessel

Answer 5

A) is equal to the blood pressure
B) is faster in the center of the blood vessel*
C) is most rapid at a bend or turn in a vessel
D) increases along the walls of the blood vessel
E) is more rapid along the sides of the vessel

Question 6

Veins
A) carry blood away from the heart
B) carry blood under high pressure
C) may contain valves and are lined with endothelium
D) are described as strong, rigid vessels that are always carry oxygenated blood
E) have thick, many layered walls

Answer 6

A) carry blood away from the heart
B) carry blood under high pressure
C) may contain valves and are lined with endothelium*
D) are described as strong, rigid vessels that are always carry oxygenated blood
E) have thick, many layered walls

Question 7

Which of the following happen when a person stands in one place for a long period of time?
A) gravity causes an increase accumulation of blood in the veins in the feet and legs
B) blood pressure rises in the venues of the feet
C) without muscular movement the pressure at the venous end of the capillaries increases
D) oedema may occur in the lower extremities
E) all of the above

Answer 7

A) gravity causes an increase accumulation of blood in the veins in the feet and legs
B) blood pressure rises in the venues of the feet
C) without muscular movement the pressure at the venous end of the capillaries increases
D) oedema may occur in the lower extremities
E) all of the above*

Question 8

Valves similar to semilunar valves are found in some
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries 
D) venues
E) veins

Answer 8

A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) capillaries 
D) venues
E) veins*

Question 9

In which of the following would you detect a weak pulse?
A) hypertension
B) hemorrhagic shock
C) fluid excess
D) increased stroke volume
E) a healthy young person

Answer 9

A) hypertension
B) hemorrhagic shock*
C) fluid excess
D) increased stroke volume
E) a healthy young person

Question 10

Which of the following functions is associated with vessels that carry blood directly from arterioles to veins without passing through capillaries ?
A) thermoregulation
B) nutrient supply to tissues
C) removal of metabolic waste products from tissues
D) oxygen supply to tissues
E) pH regulation

Answer 10

A) thermoregulation*
B) nutrient supply to tissues
C) removal of metabolic waste products from tissues
D) oxygen supply to tissues
E) pH regulation

Question 11

One of the best ways to determine the adequacy of peripheral circulation is to check the pedal pulse. To check the pedal pulse you would check the pulse in?
A) ankle
B) wrist
C) groin
D) neck
E) foot

Answer 11

A) ankle
B) wrist
C) groin
D) neck
E) foot*

Question 12

The exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue cells is the primary function of
A) veins
B) arteries
C) arterioles
D) capillaries 
E) venules

Answer 12

A) veins
B) arteries
C) arterioles
D) capillaries*
E) venules

Question 13

The vasa vasorum are
A) incompetent valves in large veins
B) special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins
C) the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferents
D) blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins
E) supply blood to skeletal muscle

Answer 13

A) incompetent valves in large veins
B) special capillaries that supply nutrients to the walls of arteries and veins*
C) the blood vessels that supply blood to the vas deferents
D) blood vessels that directly connect arteries to veins
E) supply blood to skeletal muscle

Question 14

Arteriosclerosis results in decreased compliance, which in turn causes the pulse pressure to
A) increase
B) decrease
C) increase, then decrease
D) decrease, then increase
E) remain the same

Answer 14

A) increase*
B) decrease
C) increase, then decrease
D) decrease, then increase
E) remain the same

Question 15

The systemic circulation
A) carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
B) includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway
C) includes the aorta and all of its branches
D) ends in capillaries of the toes
E) includes blood flow to the body but not the brain

Answer 15

A) carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
B) includes all arteries but the veins are part of the pulmonary circulation pathway
C) includes the aorta and all of its branches*
D) ends in capillaries of the toes
E) includes blood flow to the body but not the brain

Question 16

A stab wound into the heart can result in cardiac tamponade. This means that
A) blood enters the pleural cavity
B) the heart is compressed by blood in pericardial sac
C) the electrical conduction system of the heart is damaged
D) the left coronary artery has been damaged or cut
E) the heart has lost all of its blood

Answer 16

A) blood enters the pleural cavity
B) the heart is compressed by blood in pericardial sac*
C) the electrical conduction system of the heart is damaged
D) the left coronary artery has been damaged or cut
E) the heart has lost all of its blood

Question 17

Veins that return blood directly to the heart include the
A) brachiocephalic vein
B) superior vena cava
C) portal vein
D) azygos vein
E) pulmonary arteries

Answer 17

A) brachiocephalic vein
B) superior vena cava*
C) portal vein
D) azygos vein
E) pulmonary arteries

Question 18

Which one of the following would increase resistance to blood flow?
A) a decrease in the length of the vessel
B) a decrease in the number of the red blood cells
C) a decrease in blood viscosity
D) a decrease in the radius of the vessel
E) a decreased haematocrit

Answer 18

A) a decrease in the length of the vessel
B) a decrease in the number of the red blood cells
C) a decrease in blood viscosity
D) a decrease in the radius of the vessel*
E) a decreased haematocrit

Question 19

The blood vessels that branch from the ascending aorta are the
A) coronary arteries
B) brachiocephalic arteries
C) common carotid arteries
D) subclavian arteries
E) pulmonary arteries

Answer 19

A) coronary arteries*
B) brachiocephalic arteries
C) common carotid arteries
D) subclavian arteries
E) pulmonary arteries

Question 20

The structure that allows blood flow from arteries to veins without passing through capillaries is called a
A) phlebitis connector
B) vasa vasorum
C) varicose vein
D) arteriovenous anastomoses 
E) thoroughfare channel

Answer 20

A) phlebitis connector
B) vasa vasorum
C) varicose vein
D) arteriovenous anastomoses *
E) thoroughfare channel

Question 21

In capillary exchange, which of the following statements is true?
A) most fluid that leaves the arteries end of a capillary renters the venous end of a capillary
B) interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma
C) constriction of the precapillary sphincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary
D) interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than palsma protein concentration
E) most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system

Answer 21

A) most fluid that leaves the arteries end of a capillary renters the venous end of a capillary*
B) interstitial fluid normally has a higher osmotic pressure than plasma
C) constriction of the precapillary sphincter will increase blood pressure in the capillary
D) interstitial protein concentration is normally higher than palsma protein concentration
E) most fluid that leaves the arterial end of a capillary enters the lymphatic system

Question 22

Distributing arteries
A) contain a lot of elastic tissue
B) contain a thick tunica media
C) are strong, rigid vessels
D) transport blood from arterioles to capillaries
E) do not contain smooth muscle in their walls

Answer 22

A) contain a lot of elastic tissue
B) contain a thick tunica media*
C) are strong, rigid vessels
D) transport blood from arterioles to capillaries
E) do not contain smooth muscle in their walls

Question 23

The greater the compliance the
A) greater the resistance generated in the vessel
B) more easily the vessel wall stretches
C) longer the blood vessel will measure
D) higher the blood pressure will be
E) less the elasticity of the vessel

Answer 23

A) greater the resistance generated in the vessel
B) more easily the vessel wall stretches*
C) longer the blood vessel will measure
D) higher the blood pressure will be
E) less the elasticity of the vessel

Question 24

The epicardium
A) covers the surface of the heart
B) lines the walls of the ventricles
C) is known as the fibrous pericardium
D) attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm
E) is also called endocardium

Answer 24

A) covers the surface of the heart*
B) lines the walls of the ventricles
C) is known as the fibrous pericardium
D) attaches inferiorly to the diaphragm
E) is also called endocardium

Question 25

The structure of capillary wall differs from that of a vein or artery because
A) the capillary wall has only two tunics
B) capillaries have more smooth muscle
C) capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane
D) capillaries can constrict of dilate
E) capillaries are impermeable to all substances

Answer 25

A) the capillary wall has only two tunics
B) capillaries have more smooth muscle
C) capillary walls have only endothelium and a basement membrane*
D) capillaries can constrict of dilate
E) capillaries are impermeable to all substances

Question 26

Which of the following statements about laminar blood flow is true?
A) the innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity
B) laminar blood flow occurs when flows past an area of constriction
C) the outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow
D) in laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity
E) it makes lots of different noises

Answer 26

A) the innermost layer of blood moves at the lowest velocity
B) laminar blood flow occurs when flows past an area of constriction
C) the outermost layer of blood experiences the greatest resistance to flow*
D) in laminar blood flow, the rapid rate of blood flow exceeds critical velocity
E) it makes lots of different noises

Question 27

From the heart to body tissues, which of the following sequences of vessels is correct?
A) muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary
B) arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary
C) elastic artery, , muscular artery, arteriole, capillary
D) elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary
E) distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary

Answer 27

A) muscular artery, arteriole, elastic artery, capillary
B) arteriole, muscular artery, elastic artery, capillary
C) elastic artery, , muscular artery, arteriole, capillary*
D) elastic artery, arteriole, muscular artery, capillary
E) distributing artery, muscular artery, medium artery, capillary

Question 28

Blood pressure is the
A) product of the stroke volume times heart rate
B) number of layers of blood in laminar flow models
C) measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel wall
D) viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow
E) measure of the volume of the blood

Answer 28

A) product of the stroke volume times heart rate
B) number of layers of blood in laminar flow models
C) measure of force blood exerts against blood vessel wall*
D) viscosity of the blood and resistance to blood flow
E) measure of the volume of the blood

Question 29

Oedema can occur when there is
A) an increase in the amount of plasma proteins
B) a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins
C) a decrease in blood pressure
D) a blockage of the lymphatics
E) an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 29

A) an increase in the amount of plasma proteins
B) a decrease in capillary permeability to proteins
C) a decrease in blood pressure
D) a blockage of the lymphatics*
E) an increase in blood colloid osmotic pressure

Question 30

Which of the following enhances the exchange between capillary walls and the interstitial space?
A) the thinness of the capillary wall
B) minimal branching in the capillary bed
C) increased blood velocity through the capillaries
D) the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
E) the stratification of the capillary wall

Answer 30

A) the thinness of the capillary wall*
B) minimal branching in the capillary bed
C) increased blood velocity through the capillaries
D) the high pressure in the interstitial spaces
E) the stratification of the capillary wall

Question 31

The lining of a capillary is called the
A) endothelium
B) adventitia
C) pericapillary layer
D) thoroughfare layer
E) tunica

Answer 31

A) endothelium*
B) adventitia
C) pericapillary layer
D) thoroughfare layer
E) tunica

Question 32

Which of the following is less likely to result in oedema?
A) increase in capillary permeability
B) reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C) blockage of veins
D) increased mean arterial pressure
E) A and B

Answer 32

A) increase in capillary permeability 
B) reduced plasma colloid osmotic pressure
C) blockage of veins
D) increased mean arterial pressure*
E) A and B

Question 33

The blood vessels that are under greatest pressure are the
A) arterioles
B) capillaries
C) elastic arteries
D) veins
E) venules

Answer 33

A) arterioles
B) capillaries
C) elastic arteries*
D) veins
E) venules

Question 34

The heart
A) is a four chambered muscular pump
B) is posterior to the trachea
C) is a two chambered muscular pump
D) lies mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum
E) has a superior apex and inferior base

Answer 34

A) is a four chambered muscular pump*
B) is posterior to the trachea
C) is a two chambered muscular pump
D) lies mostly to the right of the midline of the sternum
E) has a superior apex and inferior base

Question 35

Resistance to blood flow is greatest in
A) arteries
B) arterioles
C) venules
D) veins
E) capillaries

Answer 35

A) arteries
B) arterioles*
C) venules
D) veins
E) capillaries

Question 36

Which of the following would lead to relaxation of the capillary sphincter?
A) decreased tissue metabolism
B) decreased oxygen levels in tissue cels served by the capillary
C) decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed
D) decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed
E) decreased nitric acid levels

Answer 36

A) decreased tissue metabolism
B) decreased oxygen levels in tissue cels served by the capillary*
C) decreased carbon dioxide concentration in the capillary bed
D) decreased lactic acid production by cells in the capillary bed
E) decreased nitric acid levels

Question 37

What is the order of the blood vessels that a red blood cell would pass through as the blood leaves the heart, travels to a tissue, and then returns to the heart?
A) arteriole, artery, capillary, vein venule
B) capillary, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
C) artery, arteriole, capillary, venule vein
D) vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule
E) artery, venule capillary, arteriole, vein

Answer 37

A) arteriole, artery, capillary, vein venule
B) capillary, arteriole, capillary, venule, vein
C) artery, arteriole, capillary, venule vein*
D) vein, capillary, artery, arteriole, venule
E) artery, venule capillary, arteriole, vein

Question 38

Arteriosclerosis is characterized by
A) a thickening of the tunica adventitia
B) increased elasticity of the tunica media
C) decreased resistance to blood flow
D) an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel
E) thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media

Answer 38

A) a thickening of the tunica adventitia
B) increased elasticity of the tunica media
C) decreased resistance to blood flow
D) an enlargement of the lumen of the vessel
E) thickening of the tunica intima and loss of elasticity in the tunica media*

Question 39

In which of the following clinical situations would you expect oedema?
A) shock ( which is accompanied by low blood pressure)
B) burns ( which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma protein)
C) dehydration ( which results in low blood pressure)
D) vomiting ( which leads to a decreased plasma volume)
E) diarrhea ( which leads to a decreased blood volume)

Answer 39

A) shock ( which is accompanied by low blood pressure)
B) burns ( which result in increased capillary permeability to plasma protein)*
C) dehydration ( which results in low blood pressure)
D) vomiting ( which leads to a decreased plasma volume)
E) diarrhea ( which leads to a decreased blood volume)

Question 40

Which coat of an artery contains endothelium.
A) tunica intima
B) tunica media
C) tunica adventitia
D) tunica elastica
E) tunica intermedia

Answer 40

A) tunica intima*
B) tunica media
C) tunica adventitia
D) tunica elastica
E) tunica intermedia

Question 41

In the pulmonary circulation, the \_\_\_\_ carry blood to the lungs.
A) carotid sinuses
B) pulmonary arteries
C) coronary arteries
D) superior and inferior vena cava
E) aorta

Answer 41

A) carotid sinuses
B) pulmonary arteries*
C) coronary arteries
D) superior and inferior vena cava
E) aorta

Question 42

When contrasting arteries and veins, which of the following statements is true?
A) veins have thicker walls than arteries
B) arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins
C) veins have a tunica media while arteries do not
D) arteries have valves, but veins do not
E) arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not

Answer 42

A) veins have thicker walls than arteries
B) arteries have a thicker tunica media than veins*
C) veins have a tunica media while arteries do not
D) arteries have valves, but veins do not
E) arteries have smooth muscle in their walls, but veins do not

Question 43

Capillary walls serve as effective permeability barriers for
A) a oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) electrolytes
C) glucose
D) proteins
E) small water soluble molecules

Answer 43

A) a oxygen and carbon dioxide
B) electrolytes
C) glucose
D) proteins*
E) small water soluble molecules

Question 44

Which of the following statements regarding regulation of local blood flow is true?
A) increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissues
B) blood flow through capillaries is continuous
C) contraction of precapillary sphincter a will increase blood flow to a capillary bed
D) increased levels of carbon dioxide increase the contraction of capillary sphincters
E) tissue need oxygen and amino acids will cause precapillary sphincters to contract

Answer 44

A) increased metabolic rate in a tissue increases capillary blood flow into the tissues*
B) blood flow through capillaries is continuous
C) contraction of precapillary sphincter a will increase blood flow to a capillary bed
D) increased levels of carbon dioxide increase the contraction of capillary sphincters
E) tissue need oxygen and amino acids will cause precapillary sphincters to contract

Question 45

A viscosity of the blood increases,
A) a pressure required to force it to flow increases
B) a pressure required to force it to flow decreases
C) the fluid becomes thinner
D) the haematocrit decreases
E) the flow does not change

Answer 45

A) a pressure required to force it to flow increases*
B) a pressure required to force it to flow decreases
C) the fluid becomes thinner
D) the haematocrit decreases
E) the flow does not change

Question 46

When blood pressure is greater than the blood colloid osmotic pressure, there is
A) a net movement of fluid into the capillary
B) a net movement of fluid out of the capillary
C) less lymph formed
D) a decrease in the volume of the interstitial fluid
E) a decreased likelihood of edema

Answer 46

A) a net movement of fluid into the capillary
B) a net movement of fluid out of the capillary*
C) less lymph formed
D) a decrease in the volume of the interstitial fluid
E) a decreased likelihood of oedema

Question 47

Which of the following statements concerning blood vessel walls is true?
A) the tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall
B) the tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins
C) the tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium
D) capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media
E) vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima

Answer 47

A) the tunica intima is the innermost layer of a blood vessel wall*
B) the tunica media is found in all blood vessels except veins
C) the tunica adventitia is composed of smooth muscle and endothelium
D) capillaries have both a tunica intima and a tunica media
E) vessel diameter is controlled primarily by the tunica intima

Question 48

Increased venous tone will
A) relax the veins
B) help return blood to the heart
C) allow blood to pool in the veins
D) stabilise blood velocity in the veins
E) dilate the veins

Answer 48

A) relax the veins
B) help return blood to the heart*
C) allow blood to pool in the veins
D) stabilise blood velocity in the veins
E) dilate the veins

Question 49

Precapillary sphincters
A) serve as valves in veins
B) are found in the tunica media
C) carry blood under high pressure
D) control the blood flow into capillary beds
E) are voluntary structures

Answer 49

A) serve as valves in veins
B) are found in the tunica media
C) carry blood under high pressure
D) control the blood flow into capillary beds*
E) are voluntary structures

Question 50

Which of the following best describes arteries?
A) strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure
B) thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure
C) elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
D) fragile vessels that are prone to rupture
E) strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure

Answer 50

A) strong, rigid vessels that carry blood under high pressure
B) thin, elastic vessels that transport blood under low pressure
C) elastic vessels that connect arterioles and venules
D) fragile vessels that are prone to rupture
E) strong, elastic vessels that carry blood under high pressure*

Question 51

The auscultatory method of measuring blood pressure
A) relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured
B) monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure
C) involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer
D) relies on hearing Korotkoff’s sound through a stethoscope
E) relies on hearing the sounds made by laminate flow of the blood

Answer 51

A) relies on the insertion of a cannula into the vessel in which pressure is being measured
B) monitors the oscillations in the blood vessel during changes in pressure
C) involves an electronic transducer attached to a mercury manometer
D) relies on hearing Korotkoff’s sound through a stethoscope *
E) relies on hearing the sounds made by laminate flow of the blood

Question 52

Mrs Jane Green is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of endocarditis. When Jane asks the nurse where the infection is located, the nurse replies that the infect is in
A) the outer layer of the wall of the heart
B) the inner linking of the heart
C) a membranous sac that encloses the heart wall
D) the muscular layer of the heart
E) the lining of the mediastinum

Answer 52

A) the outer layer of the wall of the heart
B) the inner linking of the heart*
C) a membranous sac that encloses the heart wall
D) the muscular layer of the heart
E) the lining of the mediastinum

Question 53

In the aorta,
A) the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high
B) the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low
C) the resistance of blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low
D) the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low
E) velocity is diminished because the total cross sectional are is small

Answer 53

A) the blood pressure and blood velocity are both high*
B) the velocity of blood flow is high, but blood pressure is low
C) the resistance of blood flow is high, but velocity of blood flow is low
D) the resistance to blood flow and the blood pressure are both low
E) velocity is diminished because the total cross sectional are is small