Topic 3 - Muscular system Flashcards
What are the 3 types of muscles in our body
Where are they found
Are they voluntary or involuntary
Smooth muscle - found in the internal organs and blood vessels - involuntary
Cardiac muscle - found only in the heart - involuntary
Skeletal muscle - attached to the skeleton by tendons - voluntary
What are involuntary muscles
Involuntary muscles are not under our conscious control which means we can’t make them contract when we think about it.
What are voluntary muscles
Voluntary muscles are under our conscious control so we can move these muscles when we want to.
What are the different types of muscle fibre types
Slow twitch (type 1) Fast twitch (type 2)
Explain the differences between the 2 muscle types (10 marks)
For type 1: Speed on contraction is slow Force produced is low High resistance to fatigue Red colour Aerobic energy system
For type 2: Speed on contraction is fast Force produced is medium/high Medium/low resistance to fatigue White colour Anaerobic energy system
Why are slow twitch fibres red in colour?
Because of the amount of capillaries that transport oxygenated blood to the working muscles
Name the 11 voluntary (main) muscles in the body
Triceps Trapezius Latissimus Dorsi Gluteals Hamstring Gastrocnemius Deltoids Abdominals Pectorals Biceps Quadriceps
What do tendons do
Join muscle to bone
What does cartilage do
Provide protection for bone ends: shock absorption
What do ligaments do
Join bone to bone
What are the 2 places where muscles are attached to the skeleton and what do they mean
The origin and the insertion
The origin is the end of a muscle attached to a fixed bone
Insertion is the other end of a muscle that is attached to the bone which moves
What are muscular contractions
The change in the length of the muscle under contraction
What are the 3 different types of muscle contraction?
Define each of them
Isotonic concentric - this is when the muscle shortens. The origin and insertion of the muscle move closer together and the muscle becomes fatter.
Isotonic eccentric - this involves the muscle lengthening whilst it is under tension. The origin and the insertion move further away from each other.
Isometric - this involves a muscle producing tension but staying the same length. This occurs when the body is fixed in one position.
What are antagonistic muscle pairs?
What is the pulling muscle and relaxing muscle called and give an example
Muscles cannot push bones, only pull them. This means they work in pairs called antagonistic pairs
The agonist (prime mover) is the contracting muscle causing movement
The antagonist is the relaxing muscle assisting the prime mover
The biceps contract and raise the forearm whilst the triceps relax
Name 3 antagonistic muscle pairs
Biceps and triceps
Hamstrings and Quadriceps
Pectorals and latissimus Dorsi
