Topic 3 - Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What are the 4 functions of the cardio-vascular system
Removal of waste: CO2 and lactic acid
Stabilisation of body temperature
Protection from disease
Supply and transportation of O2, and other nutrients to the body for muscular contraction
What type of muscle is the heart?
cardiac
What is the right and left hand side of the heart responsible for?
The right-hand side of the heart is responsible for pumping deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
The left-hand side pumps oxygenated blood around the body.
What is the function for the pulmonary artery
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.
What is the function of the pulmonary vein
Brings back oxygenated blood from lungs to the left atrium
What is the function of the left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein
What is the function of the bicuspid valve
A two-flapped valve separating the left atrium from the left ventricle
What is the function of the right ventricle
The chamber of the heart which pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs
What is the function of the aorta
Main artery which takes oxygenated blood from heart to the rest of the body
What is the function of the vena cava
The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to the heart from lower body
What is the function of the right atrium
The main vein which brings deoxygenated blood back to heart from upper body
What is the function of the tricuspid valve
The three-flapped valve separating the right atrium from the right ventricle
What is the function of the left ventricle
The chamber of the heart which pumps oxygenated blood around the body
What do arteries do?
Carry blood away from the heart
What do veins do?
Carry blood towards the heart
What is the main artery
aorta
What is the main vein
vena cava
What is vasodilation
When blood vessels widen (open)
What is vasoconstriction
When blood vessels close
Describe the pathway of the blood through the heart - left hand side
Oxygenated blood is carried to the heart from the lungs in the pulmonary vein. It goes into the left atrium, through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. The ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve, into the aorta and round the body.
Describe the pathway of the blood through the heart - right hand side
Deoxygenated blood from the body is carried to the heart in the vena cava. It goes into the right atrium, through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The ventricle pumps the blood through the semilunar valve, into the pulmonary artery and to the lungs.
What is heart rate
Number of times the heart beats in a minute
What is stroke volume
The amount of blood forced out of the heart (left ventricle) per beat
What is the formula for working out cardiac output
stroke volume x heart rate
What does it mean by systolic
when the heart contracts
What does it mean by diastolic
when the heart relaxes
How do you work out maximum HR
220 - age
What happens when stroke volume increases
blood is pumped out of the heart each time it contracts.
What happens as exercise increases
cardiac output increases
Which blood vessels contain valves to prevent the back flow of blood?
Veins
What is defined as “the amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute”
Cardiac output
Explain what happens to the cardiovascular system during exercise? (4 marks – give 4 different points)
Indeed, any changes to heart rate, stroke volume and cardiac output are determined by the intensity and duration of exercise. There are many things which happen to the cardiovascular system during exercise. During exercise the heart rate increases so that sufficient blood is taken to the working muscles to provide them with enough nutrients and oxygen. An increase in heart rate also allows for waste products to be removed. Also, Stroke volume increases which means more blood is pumped out of the heart every time it contracts. This would manifest that cardiac output will increase as cardiac output is stroke volume x heart rate. At rest, a person’s cardiac output is approximately 5 litres per minute. However, during exercise, this can increase to as much as 30 litres per minute as both the heart rate and stroke volume increase. Also, blood pressure increases as the heart is contracting and relaxing more often. A typical blood pressure reading for a person at the start of exercise would be around 160/85 mmhg.
